Artificial intelligence: deep learning

In last month's column, I tackled the subject of machine learning (ML) in Artificial intelligence: machine learning and I suppose one obvious question would be "What's the difference between machine and deep learning?" Well, both terms are subsets of artificial intelligence (AI), although deep learning is a subset of machine learning. In the meantime, let's touch upon machine learning so as to re-establish what we have already understood and, that is, ML is a broad field of study, where the development of software (a computer program) automatically improves through experience, based on the data that it has received. We nowadays associate the term with "big data," "data modelling" or "data science," where retailers, for example, like to collect information about your shopping habits so, in turn, they can more accurately target their advertising. And then there are the likes of Amazon and Netflix, who use data analytics to predict or suggest what you might be interested in viewing or purchasing next.