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Some of Benaich and Hogarth's findings were about the massive cost of training AI models, and the limited availability of research. They state that traditionally AI as an academic field has had an open ethos, but the ongoing industry adoption is changing that. Companies are recruiting more and more researchers (another theme the report covers), and there is a clash of cultures going on as companies want to retain their IP. Industrialization of AI is under way, as open source MLOps tools help bring models to production. Hogarth said that for startup founders, it's probably easier to get started with AI today than it was a few years ago, in terms of tool availability and infrastructure maturity.