Turing Learning breakthrough: Computers can now learn from pure observation ExtremeTech

Alan Turing was a multi-talented British mathematician who helped to both win the Second World War and invent the earliest computers, both while leading the Allied code-breaking efforts at Blechley Park. However, this impact on history may have been even greater through his academic work; his seminal paper On Computable Numbers laid down the foundations for modern computer theory, and his thinking on artificial intelligence is still some of the most influential today. He devised the famous Turing Test for true AI: if an AI can endure a detailed, text-based interrogation by a human tester or testers, and those testers cannot accurately determine whether they are speaking to a human or a robot, then true artificial intelligence has been achieved. With all we now know about the ability of neural networks to find patterns in behavior, this does seem like a somewhat low bar to consciousness -- but it's easy to remember, historically important, and it has alliteration, which means it's famous.