Comparing classification algorithms: pluses and minuses

What are the advantages of different classification algorithms? For instance, if we have large training data set with approx more than 10,000 instances and more than 100,000 features, then which classifier will be best to choose for classification? This list may seem a bit daunting because there are many issues that are not straightforward to answer. The good news though is, that as many problems in life, you can address this question by following the Occam's Razor principle: use the least complicated algorithm that can address your needs and only go for something more complicated if strictly necessary. To read the full article (posted as a Quora question, including 22 answers), click here.