Neural-Network Hardware Drives the Latest Machine-Learning Craze

Artificial-intelligence (AI) research covers a number of topics, including machine learning (ML). ML covers a lot of ground as well, from rule-based expert systems to the latest hot trend--neural networks. Neural networks are changing how developers solve problems, whether it be self-driving cars or the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Neural networks come in many forms, but deep neural networks (DNNs) are the most important at this point. A DNN consists of multiple layers, including input and output layers plus multiple hidden layers (Figure 1).