Reinforcement Learning as a Service

I've been integrating reinforcement learning into an actual product for the last 6 months, and therefore I'm developing an appreciation for what are likely to be common problems. In particular, I'm now sold on the idea of reinforcement learning as a service, of which the decision service from MSR-NY is an early example (limited to contextual bandits at the moment, but incorporating key system insights). Service, not algorithm Supervised learning is essentially observational: some data has been collected and subsequently algorithms are run on it. In contrast, counterfactual learning is very difficult do to observationally. Diverse fields such as economics, political science, and epidemiology all attempt to make counterfactual conclusions using observational data, essentially because this is the only data available (at an affordable cost).