How are AI, Machine Learning, Deep Learning & Data Science Related?

We all hear these terms being thrown around and often used interchangeably; some of us tag along without knowing what they mean, or we might see them as buzzwords, and others claim to know -- and do -- what these terms really entail. Note that the distinctions between these terms aren't clear-cut, but this will give a sense of the general uses of the terms, how they are related to one another, and how all are threaded together by data science. Artificial Intelligence describes machines that can perform tasks resembling those of humans. So AI implies machines that artificially model human intelligence. AI systems help us manage, model, and analyze complex systems.