A Case for Cooperation Between Machines and Humans

The conflict between human and computer control is at least as old as interactive computing itself. The distinction first appeared in two computer science laboratories that were created in 1962 near Stanford University. John McCarthy, a computer scientist who had coined the term "artificial intelligence," established the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory with the goal of creating a "thinking machine" in a decade. And Douglas Engelbart, who invented the computer mouse, created the Augmentation Research Center at the Stanford Research Center and coined the term "intelligence augmentation," or I.A.