How will human augmentation affect sustainability?

If Facebook and Elon Musk's ambitions to directly connect human brains to machines are any indication, it seems we will become increasingly dependent on smart devices. Less bombastic than this proposal, but already widespread, are more mundane forms of augmentation – neural prostheses allow brains to control replacement body parts, artificial organs can be designed to specific bodies, and embedded devices like insulin pumps can intelligently support their hosts. With this is mind, we asked six experts the following question: How will technologically augmenting humans affect sustainability? The implications of human augmentation are so complex that it is difficult to succinctly assess what their implications will be for sustainability. There are, of course, potential benefits.