What happens when you combine neural networks and rule-based AI?

This article is part of Demystifying AI, a series of posts that (try to) disambiguate the jargon and myths surrounding artificial intelligence. Which function of the human brain should artificial intelligence replicate? The answer to that question characterizes one of the debates that is as old as the history of AI itself. Since the early efforts to create thinking machines began in the 1950s, research and development in the AI space has fallen into one of two approaches: symbolist and connectionist AI. Symbolist AI, also known as "rule-based AI," is based on manually transforming all the logic and knowledge of the world into computer code.