Thinking Fast and Slow in Human and Machine Intelligence

Human intelligence has generally been studied by focusing on two primary levels: cognitive science, which examines the mind, and neuroscience, which focuses on the brain. Both approaches have influenced artificial intelligence (AI) research, leading to the development of various cognitive architectures with emergent behaviors.23 In this article, we propose an approach inspired by human cognition, specifically drawing on cognitive theories about human reasoning and decision making. We are inspired by the book Thinking, Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahneman,20 which categorizes human thought processes into two systems: System 1 (fast thinking) and System 2 (slow thinking).37 System 1, or "thinking fast," is responsible for intuitive, quick, and often unconscious decisions.