Appendix AFundingtransparencystatement

Using auxiliary variablesvi = xi, it can be converted to an equivalentfirst-ordersystemas, xk(t) = vk(t), (18) vk(t) = vi(t)vj(t)Γkij(x(t)). Now, let us define two geodesics,γ,β : I M in an open interval withγ(t0) = β(t0) and γ(t0)= β(t0).