A Derivation of Backdoor Adjustment

G, we have the following two rules: Rule 1. Action/observation exchange: P ( y | do ( x),d o ( z)) = P ( y | do ( x),z), if ( Y? We derive the variational context adjustment in Eq. Figure 8: An intuitive explanation of how CaseQ generalize to novel context. Kronecker product is a generalization of the outer product from vectors to matrices. By this way, we build links between majority (seen) contexts and minority (unseen) contexts. We provide an example in Figure 1 for further illustration.