SupplementaryMaterial

To study the accuracy of the predicted rotation angles by TARGET-VAE, we calculate the mean standard deviation ofthepredicted rotations, introduced in[1]. This metric basically measures the mean square error between the rotation ofthe object inthe input image and the predicted rotation forthatobject. Wefind that the model correctly identifies and reconstructs the objects (Figure 3). Eachshape is rotated by one of 40 values linearly spaced in [0, 2π], translated across bothx and y dimensions, and scaled using one of six linearly spaced values in [0.5, 1]. Weobserved that, as expected, eliminating inference on the discretized rotation dimension has a significant negative effect on identifying transformation-invariant representations and the clustering accuracy on MNIST(U) is only33.8%(Table2).