Deploying this solution and running the notebook builds the following environment in the AWS Cloud. The AWS CloudFormation template deploys an example dataset of credit card transactions contained in an Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) bucket and an Amazon SageMaker notebook instance with different ML models that will be trained on the dataset. The solution also deploys an AWS Lambda function that processes transactions from the example dataset and invokes the two SageMaker endpoints that assign anomaly scores and classification scores to incoming data points. An Amazon API Gateway REST API triggers predictions using signed HTTP requests, and an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream loads the processed transactions into another Amazon S3 bucket for storage. The solution also provides an example of how to invoke the prediction REST API as part of the Amazon SageMaker notebook.

Neural Cellular Automata (NCA) have shown a remarkable ability to learn the required rules to "grow" images, classify morphologies, segment images, as well as to do general computation such as path-finding. We believe the inductive prior they introduce lends itself to the generation of textures. Textures in the natural world are often generated by variants of locally interacting reaction-diffusion systems. Human-made textures are likewise often generated in a local manner (textile weaving, for instance) or using rules with local dependencies (regular grids or geometric patterns). We demonstrate learning a texture generator from a single template image, with the generation method being embarrassingly parallel, exhibiting quick convergence and high fidelity of output, and requiring only some minimal assumptions around the underlying state manifold. Furthermore, we investigate properties of the learned models that are both useful and interesting, such as non-stationary dynamics and an inherent robustness to damage. Finally, we make qualitative claims that the behaviour exhibited by the NCA model is a learned, distributed, local algorithm to generate a texture, setting our method apart from existing work on texture generation. We discuss the advantages of such a paradigm.

In this research article, we have reported periodic cellular automata rules for different gait state prediction and classification of the gait data using extreme machine Leaning (ELM). This research is the first attempt to use cellular automaton to understand the complexity of bipedal walk. Due to nonlinearity, varying configurations throughout the gait cycle and the passive joint located at the unilateral foot-ground contact in bipedal walk resulting variation of dynamic descriptions and control laws from phase to phase for human gait is making difficult to predict the bipedal walk states. We have designed the cellular automata rules which will predict the next gait state of bipedal steps based on the previous two neighbour states. We have designed cellular automata rules for normal walk. The state prediction will help to correctly design the bipedal walk. The normal walk depends on next two states and has total 8 states. We have considered the current and previous states to predict next state. So we have formulated 16 rules using cellular automata, 8 rules for each leg. The priority order maintained using the fact that if right leg in swing phase then left leg will be in stance phase. To validate the model we have classified the gait Data using ELM [1] and achieved accuracy 60%. We have explored the trajectories and compares with another gait trajectories. Finally we have presented the error analysis for different joints.

Emergent processes in complex systems such as cellular automata can perform computations of increasing complexity, and could possibly lead to artificial evolution. Such a feat would require scaling up current simulation sizes to allow for enough computational capacity. Understanding complex computations happening in cellular automata and other systems capable of emergence poses many challenges, especially in large-scale systems. We propose methods for coarse-graining cellular automata based on frequency analysis of cell states, clustering and autoencoders. These innovative techniques facilitate the discovery of large-scale structure formation and complexity analysis in those systems. They emphasize interesting behaviors in elementary cellular automata while filtering out background patterns. Moreover, our methods reduce large 2D automata to smaller sizes and enable identifying systems that behave interestingly at multiple scales.

In this work we consider the problem of repeated hyperparameter and neural architecture search (HNAS).We propose an extension of Successive Halving that is able to leverage information gained in previous HNAS problems with the goal of saving computational resources. We empirically demonstrate that our solution is able to drastically decrease costs while maintaining accuracy and being robust to negative transfer. Our method is significantly simpler than competing transfer learning approaches, setting a new baseline for transfer learning in HNAS. Creating predictive models requires data scientists to delve into data sources, understand and visualize the raw data, apply multiple data transformations and pick a target metric. Searching deep learning architecture and optimization the hyperparameters are often left as a manual step to be performed "from time to time" in practice. However, best practice dictates that reusing historical architectures and hyperparameters under different experimental conditions can negatively impact the predictive performance.

The video above will be familiar to anyone who's played the 3D world-building game Minecraft. The algorithm takes its cue from the "Game of Life," a so-called cellular automaton. There, squares in a grid turn black or white over a series of timesteps based on how many of their neighbors are black or white. The program mimics biological development, in which cells in an embryo behave according to cues in their local environment. Some researchers have replaced the simple rules (e.g., any white square with three black neighbors turns black) with more complex ones decided by neural networks, machine-learning algorithms that roughly mimic the brain's wiring.

Neural cellular automata (CA) is a kind of cellular automaton (Figure 1). While cellular automata determine the state transition rule of cells by hand-making, neural CA obtains the transition rule by training a neural network. Recently, this neural CA has been shown to be a powerful tool in morphogenesis [1]. Mordvintsev et al. trained a neural CA to grow complex two-dimensional images starting from a few initial cells. Furthermore, authors also successfully trained it to regenerate a target pattern even if part of it is removed.

This observation--that to understand Proust's text requires knowledge of various kinds--is not a new one. We came across it before, in the context of the Cyc project. Remember that Cyc was supposed to be given knowledge corresponding to the whole of consensus reality, and the Cyc hypothesis was that this would yield human-level general intelligence. Researchers in knowledge-based AI would be keen for me to point out to you that, decades ago, they anticipated exactly this issue. But it is not obvious that just continuing to refine deep learning techniques will address this problem.

Deep learning (DL) has demonstrated its powerful capabilities in the field of image inpainting, which could produce visually plausible results. Meanwhile, the malicious use of advanced image inpainting tools (e.g. removing key objects to report fake news) has led to increasing threats to the reliability of image data. To fight against the inpainting forgeries, in this work, we propose a novel end-to-end Generalizable Image Inpainting Detection Network (GIID-Net), to detect the inpainted regions at pixel accuracy. The proposed GIID-Net consists of three sub-blocks: the enhancement block, the extraction block and the decision block. Specifically, the enhancement block aims to enhance the inpainting traces by using hierarchically combined special layers. The extraction block, automatically designed by Neural Architecture Search (NAS) algorithm, is targeted to extract features for the actual inpainting detection tasks. In order to further optimize the extracted latent features, we integrate global and local attention modules in the decision block, where the global attention reduces the intra-class differences by measuring the similarity of global features, while the local attention strengthens the consistency of local features. Furthermore, we thoroughly study the generalizability of our GIID-Net, and find that different training data could result in vastly different generalization capability. Extensive experimental results are presented to validate the superiority of the proposed GIID-Net, compared with the state-of-the-art competitors. Our results would suggest that common artifacts are shared across diverse image inpainting methods. Finally, we build a public inpainting dataset of 10K image pairs for the future research in this area.

This post is dedicated to John Horton Conway and Tom Fawcett, who recently passed away, for their noted contributions to the field of cellular automata and machine learning. With the advent of fast data streams, real-time machine learning has become a challenging task. They can be affected by the concept drift effect, by which stream learning methods have to detect changes and adapt to these evolving conditions. Several emerging paradigms such as the so-called "Smart Dust", "Utility Fog", "TinyML" or "Swarm Robotics" are in need for efficient and scalable solutions in real-time scenarios. Cellular Automata (CA), as low-bias and robust-to-noise pattern recognition methods with competitive classification performances, meet the requirements imposed by the aforementioned paradigms mainly due to their simplicity and parallel nature.