Video sentiment analysis as a decision-making process is inherently complex, involving the fusion of decisions from multiple modalities and the so-caused cognitive biases. Inspired by recent advances in quantum cognition, we show that the sentiment judgment from one modality could be incompatible with the judgment from another, i.e., the order matters and they cannot be jointly measured to produce a final decision. Thus the cognitive process exhibits "quantum-like" biases that cannot be captured by classical probability theories. Accordingly, we propose a fundamentally new, quantum cognitively motivated fusion strategy for predicting sentiment judgments. In particular, we formulate utterances as quantum superposition states of positive and negative sentiment judgments, and uni-modal classifiers as mutually incompatible observables, on a complex-valued Hilbert space with positive-operator valued measures. Experiments on two benchmarking datasets illustrate that our model significantly outperforms various existing decision level and a range of state-of-the-art content-level fusion approaches. The results also show that the concept of incompatibility allows effective handling of all combination patterns, including those extreme cases that are wrongly predicted by all uni-modal classifiers.

Unlike so many review sites, we look at what real people say. We apply sentiment analysis to reviews about small business online tools, products and services, and we use real people approval rating to score companies. Because we think this is the right way to provide you with honest and unbiased reviews of brands like SiteGround, BlueHost & Wix. Being a small business, we know that often it is difficult to decide which service to use. Especially when it comes to something you are going to spend hundrds of dollars, like web hosting, a website builder or an ecommerce platform.

Aspect based sentiment analysis (ABSA) involves three fundamental subtasks: aspect term extraction, opinion term extraction, and aspect-level sentiment classification. Early works only focused on solving one of these subtasks individually. Some recent work focused on solving a combination of two subtasks, e.g., extracting aspect terms along with sentiment polarities or extracting the aspect and opinion terms pair-wisely. More recently, the triple extraction task has been proposed, i.e., extracting the (aspect term, opinion term, sentiment polarity) triples from a sentence. However, previous approaches fail to solve all subtasks in a unified end-to-end framework. In this paper, we propose a complete solution for ABSA. We construct two machine reading comprehension (MRC) problems, and solve all subtasks by joint training two BERT-MRC models with parameters sharing. We conduct experiments on these subtasks and results on several benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework, which significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods.

Sentiment analysis analysis models to open domain human continues to be highly challenging with the research robot interaction is investigated within this community attempting many sub-problems paper. The models are used on a dataset that have not been completely solved (Pozzi et al., specific to user interaction with the Alana 2017b). With this in mind, it is expected that system (a Alexa prize system) in order scripted conversations between two humans like to determine which would be more appropriate what is done in movies, unscripted conversations for the task of identifying sentiment between two humans, and human-machine interaction when a user interacts with a nonhuman systems will contain a varying amount of driven socialbot. With the identification sentiment with very different dialogue. of a model, various improvements Working with a large dataset in the area of are attempted and detailed prior to human-machine interaction systems allows the integration into the Alana system. The evaluation of already existing tools and machine study showed that a Random Forest Model learning techniques to better optimise development with 25 trees trained on the dataset specific within this area. The model is integrated to user interaction with the Alana system into Alana (a 2017 Alexa prize system (Ram et al., combined with the dataset present in 2017) consisting of an ensemble of bots, combining NLTK Vader outperforms other models.

We proposed a novel multilayer correlated topic model (MCTM) to analyze how the main ideas inherit and vary between a document and its different segments, which helps understand an article's structure. The variational expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm was derived to estimate the posterior and parameters in MCTM. We introduced two potential applications of MCTM, including the paragraph-level document analysis and market basket data analysis. The effectiveness of MCTM in understanding the document structure has been verified by the great predictive performance on held-out documents and intuitive visualization. We also showed that MCTM could successfully capture customers' popular shopping patterns in the market basket analysis.

The rise in popularity and ubiquity of Twitter has made sentiment analysis of tweets an important and well-covered area of research. However, the 140 character limit imposed on tweets makes it hard to use standard linguistic methods for sentiment classification. On the other hand, what tweets lack in structure they make up with sheer volume and rich metadata. This metadata includes geolocation, temporal and author information. We hypothesize that sentiment is dependent on all these contextual factors. Different locations, times and authors have different emotional valences. In this paper, we explored this hypothesis by utilizing distant supervision to collect millions of labelled tweets from different locations, times and authors. We used this data to analyse the variation of tweet sentiments across different authors, times and locations. Once we explored and understood the relationship between these variables and sentiment, we used a Bayesian approach to combine these variables with more standard linguistic features such as n-grams to create a Twitter sentiment classifier. This combined classifier outperforms the purely linguistic classifier, showing that integrating the rich contextual information available on Twitter into sentiment classification is a promising direction of research.

Continual learning in task-oriented dialogue systems can allow us to add new domains and functionalities through time without incurring the high cost of a whole system retraining. In this paper, we propose a continual learning benchmark for task-oriented dialogue systems with 37 domains to be learned continuously in four settings, such as intent recognition, state tracking, natural language generation, and end-to-end. Moreover, we implement and compare multiple existing continual learning baselines, and we propose a simple yet effective architectural method based on residual adapters. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed architectural method and a simple replay-based strategy perform comparably well but they both achieve inferior performance to the multi-task learning baseline, in where all the data are shown at once, showing that continual learning in task-oriented dialogue systems is a challenging task. Furthermore, we reveal several trade-offs between different continual learning methods in term of parameter usage and memory size, which are important in the design of a task-oriented dialogue system. The proposed benchmark is released together with several baselines to promote more research in this direction.

Most language understanding models in dialog systems are trained on a small amount of annotated training data, and evaluated in a small set from the same distribution. However, these models can lead to system failure or undesirable outputs when being exposed to natural perturbation in practice. In this paper, we conduct comprehensive evaluation and analysis with respect to the robustness of natural language understanding models, and introduce three important aspects related to language understanding in real-world dialog systems, namely, language variety, speech characteristics, and noise perturbation. We propose a model-agnostic toolkit LAUG to approximate natural perturbation for testing the robustness issues in dialog systems. Four data augmentation approaches covering the three aspects are assembled in LAUG, which reveals critical robustness issues in state-of-the-art models. The augmented dataset through LAUG can be used to facilitate future research on the robustness testing of language understanding in dialog systems.

For task-oriented dialog systems to be maximally useful, it must be able to process conversations in a way that is (1) generalizable with a small number of training examples for new task domains, and (2) robust to user input in various styles, modalities or domains. In pursuit of these goals, we introduce the RADDLE benchmark, a collection of corpora and tools for evaluating the performance of models across a diverse set of domains. By including tasks with limited training data, RADDLE is designed to favor and encourage models with a strong generalization ability. RADDLE also includes a diagnostic checklist that facilitates detailed robustness analysis in aspects such as language variations, speech errors, unseen entities, and out-of-domain utterances. We evaluate recent state-of-the-art systems based on pre-training and fine-tuning, and find that grounded pre-training on heterogeneous dialog corpora performs better than training a separate model per domain. Overall, existing models are less than satisfactory in robustness evaluation, which suggests opportunities for future improvement.

Conversational Machine Reading (CMR) aims at answering questions in a complicated manner. Machine needs to answer questions through interactions with users based on given rule document, user scenario and dialogue history, and ask questions to clarify if necessary. In this paper, we propose a dialogue graph modeling framework to improve the understanding and reasoning ability of machine on CMR task. There are three types of graph in total. Specifically, Discourse Graph is designed to learn explicitly and extract the discourse relation among rule texts as well as the extra knowledge of scenario; Decoupling Graph is used for understanding local and contextualized connection within rule texts. And finally a global graph for fusing the information together and reply to the user with our final decision being either ``Yes/No/Irrelevant" or to ask a follow-up question to clarify.