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 Statistical Learning


Three rates of convergence or separation via U-statistics in a dependent framework

arXiv.org Machine Learning

Despite the ubiquity of U-statistics in modern Probability and Statistics, their non-asymptotic analysis in a dependent framework may have been overlooked. In a recent work, a new concentration inequality for U-statistics of order two for uniformly ergodic Markov chains has been proved. In this paper, we put this theoretical breakthrough into action by pushing further the current state of knowledge in three different active fields of research. First, we establish a new exponential inequality for the estimation of spectra of trace class integral operators with MCMC methods. The novelty is that this result holds for kernels with positive and negative eigenvalues, which is new as far as we know. In addition, we investigate generalization performance of online algorithms working with pairwise loss functions and Markov chain samples. We provide an online-to-batch conversion result by showing how we can extract a low risk hypothesis from the sequence of hypotheses generated by any online learner. We finally give a non-asymptotic analysis of a goodness-of-fit test on the density of the invariant measure of a Markov chain. We identify some classes of alternatives over which our test based on the $L_2$ distance has a prescribed power.


Factors affecting the COVID-19 risk in the US counties: an innovative approach by combining unsupervised and supervised learning

arXiv.org Machine Learning

World Health Organization (WHO) reported that 80% of patients experienced these symptoms mildly. However, older people ( 60 years old) and persons with co-morbid diseases are at a higher risk for severe symptoms and death (Velavan & Meyer, 2020; World Health Organization, 2020). Besides, younger patients with no underlying disease might also experience severe symptoms or even death (Jahromi, Avazpour, et al., 2020; The Washington Post, 2020; Yousefzadegan & Rezaei, 2020). The first positive case of COVID-19 in the United States was reported in the state of Washington on January 20, 2020. By March 17, 2020, Covid-19 has spread across all US states (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020; Saad B. Omer et al., 2020). Figure 1 shows the aggregated COVID-19 positive case and death count maps for all US states until November 6, 2020. Reports showed that on November 6, 2020, the top states for positive COVID-19 cases are California, Texas, Florida, New York, and Illinois, while the top 5 states for death cases are New York, Texas, California, New Jersey, and Florida.


Machine Learning Using Python Programming

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'Machine Learning is all about how a machine with an artificial intelligence learns like a human being' Welcome to the course on Machine Learning and Implementing it using Python 3. As the title says, this course recommends to have a basic knowledge in Python 3 to grasp the implementation part easily but it is not compulsory. This course has strong content on the core concepts of ML such as it's features, the steps involved in building a ML Model – Data Preprocessing, Finetuning the Model, Overfitting, Underfitting, Bias, Variance, Confusion Matrix and performance measures of a ML Model. We'll understand the importance of many preprocessing techniques such as Binarization, MinMaxScaler, Standard Scaler We can implement many ML Algorithms in Python using scikit-learn library in a few lines. Can't we? Yet, that won't help us to understand the algorithms. Hence, in this course, we'll first look into understanding the mathematics and concepts behind the algorithms and then, we'll implement the same in Python.


Machine Learning using Python Programming

#artificialintelligence

'Machine Learning is all about how a machine with an artificial intelligence learns like a human being' Welcome to the course on Machine Learning and Implementing it using Python 3. As the title says, this course recommends to have a basic knowledge in Python 3 to grasp the implementation part easily but it is not compulsory. This course has strong content on the core concepts of ML such as it's features, the steps involved in building a ML Model - Data Preprocessing, Finetuning the Model, Overfitting, Underfitting, Bias, Variance, Confusion Matrix and performance measures of a ML Model. We'll understand the importance of many preprocessing techniques such as Binarization, MinMaxScaler, Standard Scaler We can implement many ML Algorithms in Python using scikit-learn library in a few lines. Can't we? Yet, that won't help us to understand the algorithms. Hence, in this course, we'll first look into understanding the mathematics and concepts behind the algorithms and then, we'll implement the same in Python.


Multi-Class Classification of Blood Cells -- End to End Computer Vision based diagnosis case study

arXiv.org Machine Learning

The diagnosis of blood-based diseases often involves identifying and characterizing patient blood samples. Automated methods to detect and classify blood cell subtypes have important medical applications. Automated medical image processing and analysis offers a powerful tool for medical diagnosis. In this work we tackle the problem of white blood cell classification based on the morphological characteristics of their outer contour, color. The work we would explore a set of preprocessing and segmentation (Color-based segmentation, Morphological processing, contouring) algorithms along with a set of features extraction methods (Corner detection algorithms and Histogram of Gradients (HOG)), dimentionality reduction algorithms (Principal Component Analysis (PCA)) that are able to recognize and classify through various Unsupervised (k-nearest neighbors) and Supervised (Support Vector Machine, Decision Trees, Linear Discriminant Analysis, Quadratic Discriminant Analysis, Naïve Bayes) algorithms different categories of white blood cells to Eosinophil, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, and Neutrophil. We even take a step forwards to explore various Deep Convolutional Neural network architecture (Sqeezent, MobilenetV1, MobilenetV2, InceptionNet etc.) without preprocessing/segmentation and with preprocessing. We would like to explore many algorithms to identify the robust algorithm with least time complexity and low resource requirement. The outcome of this work can be a cue to selection of algorithms as per requirement for automated blood cell classification.


Learning Stochastic Majority Votes by Minimizing a PAC-Bayes Generalization Bound

arXiv.org Machine Learning

We investigate a stochastic counterpart of majority votes over finite ensembles of classifiers, and study its generalization properties. While our approach holds for arbitrary distributions, we instantiate it with Dirichlet distributions: this allows for a closed-form and differentiable expression for the expected risk, which then turns the generalization bound into a tractable training objective. The resulting stochastic majority vote learning algorithm achieves state-of-the-art accuracy and benefits from (non-vacuous) tight generalization bounds, in a series of numerical experiments when compared to competing algorithms which also minimize PAC-Bayes objectives -- both with uninformed (data-independent) and informed (data-dependent) priors.


Machine Learning in Forex Trading

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With so many advances in technology and analysis tools, it's getting hard for traders to keep up. One of the highly discussed topics is machine learning. If you want to know where these two fields intersect, let's first clarify what each of the terms means. Foreign exchange, or Forex, is the process of converting one currency into another. The value of every specific currency is determined by market factors such as trade, investment, tourism, and geopolitical risk.


A Comprehensive Guide to Ensemble Learning - What Exactly Do You Need to Know - neptune.ai

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Ensemble learning techniques have been proven to yield better performance on machine learning problems. We can use these techniques for regression as well as classification problems. The final prediction from these ensembling techniques is obtained by combining results from several base models. Averaging, voting and stacking are some of the ways the results are combined to obtain a final prediction. In this article, we will explore how ensemble learning can be used to come up with optimal machine learning models. Ensemble learning is a combination of several machine learning models in one problem.


Day #1(6/22): Hundred-Page Machine Learning Book p.1–10

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Supervised: A collection of labeled examples which includes feature vectors that describe the example and the label that can belong to classes, real number or more sophisticated vector, matrix, tree, or a graph. It is to produce a model that will take feature vector and input and output a label that describes the collection of that particular feature vectors. Unsupervised: dataset collection of unlabeled examples, where x is a feature vector as input and'either transforms it into another vector or into a value that can be used to solve a practical problem'. It can be used for clustering, the model returns the id of the cluster for each feature vector in the dataset. It can be used for dimensionality reduction, where the output of the model is a feature vector that has a fewer features than the input x. Finally, the output is for outlier detection where its a real number that shows how x is different from other typical data points.


6 Books Machine Learning Engineers Should Read

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ML and AI can be very intimidating for the beginners. As a prerequisite, you should be able to write a little bit of code either in python or R, have some mathematical background and should be able to understand some basic ML jargon. But what's most important is to be guided by the right Machine Learning book. I absolutely love this book. This is the book you need to grok and master machine learning concepts.