Outlier-robust estimation is a fundamental problem and has been extensively investigated by statisticians and practitioners. The last few years have seen a convergence across research fields towards "algorithmic robust statistics", which focuses on developing tractable outlier-robust techniques for high-dimensional estimation problems. Despite this convergence, research efforts across fields have been mostly disconnected from one another. This monograph bridges recent work on certifiable outlier-robust estimation for geometric perception in robotics and computer vision with parallel work in robust statistics. In particular, we adapt and extend recent results on robust linear regression (applicable to the low-outlier regime with << 50% outliers) and list-decodable regression (applicable to the high-outlier regime with >> 50% outliers) to the setup commonly found in robotics and vision, where (i) variables (e.g., rotations, poses) belong to a non-convex domain, (ii) measurements are vector-valued, and (iii) the number of outliers is not known a priori. The emphasis here is on performance guarantees: rather than proposing radically new algorithms, we provide conditions on the input measurements under which modern estimation algorithms (possibly after small modifications) are guaranteed to recover an estimate close to the ground truth in the presence of outliers. These conditions are what we call an "estimation contract". Besides the proposed extensions of existing results, we believe the main contributions of this monograph are (i) to unify parallel research lines by pointing out commonalities and differences, (ii) to introduce advanced material (e.g., sum-of-squares proofs) in an accessible and self-contained presentation for the practitioner, and (iii) to point out a few immediate opportunities and open questions in outlier-robust geometric perception.

Multi-view graph clustering (MGC) methods are increasingly being studied due to the explosion of multi-view data with graph structural information. The critical point of MGC is to better utilize the view-specific and view-common information in features and graphs of multiple views. However, existing works have an inherent limitation that they are unable to concurrently utilize the consensus graph information across multiple graphs and the view-specific feature information. To address this issue, we propose Variational Graph Generator for Multi-View Graph Clustering (VGMGC). Specifically, a novel variational graph generator is proposed to extract common information among multiple graphs. This generator infers a reliable variational consensus graph based on a priori assumption over multiple graphs. Then a simple yet effective graph encoder in conjunction with the multi-view clustering objective is presented to learn the desired graph embeddings for clustering, which embeds the inferred view-common graph and view-specific graphs together with features. Finally, theoretical results illustrate the rationality of VGMGC by analyzing the uncertainty of the inferred consensus graph with information bottleneck principle. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superior performance of our VGMGC over SOTAs.

In the current times, the fear and danger of COVID-19 virus still stands large. Manual monitoring of social distancing norms is impractical with a large population moving about and with insufficient task force and resources to administer them. There is a need for a lightweight, robust and 24X7 video-monitoring system that automates this process. This paper proposes a comprehensive and effective solution to perform person detection, social distancing violation detection, face detection and face mask classification using object detection, clustering and Convolution Neural Network (CNN) based binary classifier. For this, YOLOv3, Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN), Dual Shot Face Detector (DSFD) and MobileNetV2 based binary classifier have been employed on surveillance video datasets. This paper also provides a comparative study of different face detection and face mask classification models. Finally, a video dataset labelling method is proposed along with the labelled video dataset to compensate for the lack of dataset in the community and is used for evaluation of the system. The system performance is evaluated in terms of accuracy, F1 score as well as the prediction time, which has to be low for practical applicability. The system performs with an accuracy of 91.2% and F1 score of 90.79% on the labelled video dataset and has an average prediction time of 7.12 seconds for 78 frames of a video.

Estimating treatment effects is one of the most challenging and important tasks of data analysts. In many applications, like online marketing and personalized medicine, treatment needs to be allocated to the individuals where it yields a high positive treatment effect. Uplift models help select the right individuals for treatment and maximize the overall treatment effect (uplift). A major challenge in uplift modeling concerns model evaluation. Previous literature suggests methods like the Qini curve and the transformed outcome mean squared error. However, these metrics suffer from variance: their evaluations are strongly affected by random noise in the data, which renders their signals, to a certain degree, arbitrary. We theoretically analyze the variance of uplift evaluation metrics and derive possible methods of variance reduction, which are based on statistical adjustment of the outcome. We derive simple conditions under which the variance reduction methods improve the uplift evaluation metrics and empirically demonstrate their benefits on simulated and real-world data. Our paper provides strong evidence in favor of applying the suggested variance reduction procedures by default when evaluating uplift models on RCT data.

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Machine learning is becoming an increasingly important tool in fusion research, allowing scientists to make new discoveries and improve fusion reaction efficiency. Researchers discussed the potential for using machine learning in fusion research at a recent workshop sponsored by the US Department of Energy, and identified several key areas for further study. One of the most difficult challenges in fusion research is accurately modeling and predicting the behavior of plasma, the superheated gas that powers fusion reactions. Traditional methods for simulating plasma rely on computationally intensive mathematical models, which can be difficult to solve and necessitate a significant amount of computational power. Machine learning algorithms, on the other hand, can be used to analyze large datasets and identify patterns and relationships that human experts would not be able to detect.

A phishing attack is a sort of cyber assault in which the attacker sends fake communications to entice a human victim to provide personal information or credentials. Phishing website identification can assist visitors in avoiding becoming victims of these assaults. The phishing problem is increasing day by day, and there is no single solution that can properly mitigate all vulnerabilities, thus many techniques are used. In this paper, We have proposed an ensemble model that combines multiple base models with a voting technique based on the weights. Moreover, we applied feature selection methods and standardization on the dataset effectively and compared the result before and after applying any feature selection.

Neural networks (NN) play a central role in modern Artificial intelligence (AI) technology and has been successfully used in areas such as natural language processing and image recognition. While majority of NN applications focus on prediction and classification, there are increasing interests in studying statistical inference of neural networks. The study of NN statistical inference can enhance our understanding of NN statistical proprieties. Moreover, it can facilitate the NN-based hypothesis testing that can be applied to hypothesis-driven clinical and biomedical research. In this paper, we propose a sieve quasi-likelihood ratio test based on NN with one hidden layer for testing complex associations. The test statistic has asymptotic chi-squared distribution, and therefore it is computationally efficient and easy for implementation in real data analysis. The validity of the asymptotic distribution is investigated via simulations. Finally, we demonstrate the use of the proposed test by performing a genetic association analysis of the sequencing data from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI).

Stellar photospheric activity is known to limit the detection and characterisation of extra-solar planets. In particular, the study of Earth-like planets around Sun-like stars requires data analysis methods that can accurately model the stellar activity phenomena affecting radial velocity (RV) measurements. Gaussian Process Regression Networks (GPRNs) offer a principled approach to the analysis of simultaneous time-series, combining the structural properties of Bayesian neural networks with the non-parametric flexibility of Gaussian Processes. Using HARPS-N solar spectroscopic observations encompassing three years, we demonstrate that this framework is capable of jointly modelling RV data and traditional stellar activity indicators. Although we consider only the simplest GPRN configuration, we are able to describe the behaviour of solar RV data at least as accurately as previously published methods. We confirm the correlation between the RV and stellar activity time series reaches a maximum at separations of a few days, and find evidence of non-stationary behaviour in the time series, associated with an approaching solar activity minimum.

A novel randomized time integrator is suggested for unadjusted Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (uHMC) in place of the usual Verlet integrator; namely, a stratified Monte Carlo (sMC) integrator which involves a minor modification to Verlet, and hence, is easy to implement. For target distributions of the form $\mu(dx) \propto e^{-U(x)} dx$ where $U: \mathbb{R}^d \to \mathbb{R}_{\ge 0}$ is both $K$-strongly convex and $L$-gradient Lipschitz, and initial distributions $\nu$ with finite second moment, coupling proofs reveal that an $\varepsilon$-accurate approximation of the target distribution $\mu$ in $L^2$-Wasserstein distance $\boldsymbol{\mathcal{W}}^2$ can be achieved by the uHMC algorithm with sMC time integration using $O\left((d/K)^{1/3} (L/K)^{5/3} \varepsilon^{-2/3} \log( \boldsymbol{\mathcal{W}}^2(\mu, \nu) / \varepsilon)^+\right)$ gradient evaluations; whereas without additional assumptions the corresponding complexity of the uHMC algorithm with Verlet time integration is in general $O\left((d/K)^{1/2} (L/K)^2 \varepsilon^{-1} \log( \boldsymbol{\mathcal{W}}^2(\mu, \nu) / \varepsilon)^+ \right)$. Duration randomization, which has a similar effect as partial momentum refreshment, is also treated. In this case, without additional assumptions on the target distribution, the complexity of duration-randomized uHMC with sMC time integration improves to $O\left(\max\left((d/K)^{1/4} (L/K)^{3/2} \varepsilon^{-1/2},(d/K)^{1/3} (L/K)^{4/3} \varepsilon^{-2/3} \right) \right)$ up to logarithmic factors. The improvement due to duration randomization turns out to be analogous to that of time integrator randomization.