Inrecentyears,quantitativestatistical and algorithmic treatments of these formulations have produced insights into modern computational methods-resulting innovelapproaches todifficult, open problems.

Formally, the CCA problem is defined as follows.

Among potential attacks against FR systems [Galbally et al., 2014, Biggio et al., 2015, Hadid et al., 2015, Mai et al., 2018, Marcel et al., 2023], the template inversion (TI) attack significantly jeopardizes the users' privacy. In a TI attack, the adversary gains access to templates stored in the FR system's database and aims

Withoutrequiring repeatable trials, itcanflexibly capture covariate-dependent jointSCDs, andprovide interpretable latent causes underlying the statistical dependencies between neurons.