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 Support Vector Machines


Support vector machines and linear regression coincide with very high-dimensional features

arXiv.org Machine Learning

The support vector machine (SVM) and minimum Euclidean norm least squares regression are two fundamentally different approaches to fitting linear models, but they have recently been connected in models for very high-dimensional data through a phenomenon of support vector proliferation, where every training example used to fit an SVM becomes a support vector. In this paper, we explore the generality of this phenomenon and make the following contributions. First, we prove a super-linear lower bound on the dimension (in terms of sample size) required for support vector proliferation in independent feature models, matching the upper bounds from previous works. We further identify a sharp phase transition in Gaussian feature models, bound the width of this transition, and give experimental support for its universality. Finally, we hypothesize that this phase transition occurs only in much higher-dimensional settings in the $\ell_1$ variant of the SVM, and we present a new geometric characterization of the problem that may elucidate this phenomenon for the general $\ell_p$ case.


Automatic design of quantum feature maps

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

We propose a new technique for the automatic generation of optimal ad-hoc ans\"atze for classification by using quantum support vector machine (QSVM). This efficient method is based on NSGA-II multiobjective genetic algorithms which allow both maximize the accuracy and minimize the ansatz size. It is demonstrated the validity of the technique by a practical example with a non-linear dataset, interpreting the resulting circuit and its outputs. We also show other application fields of the technique that reinforce the validity of the method, and a comparison with classical classifiers in order to understand the advantages of using quantum machine learning.


How data manipulation could be used to trick fraud detection algorithms on e-commerce sites - Help Net Security

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As the marketing of almost every advanced cybersecurity product will tell you, artificial intelligence is already being used in many products and services that secure computing infrastructure. But you probably haven't heard much about the need to secure the machine learning applications that are becoming increasingly widespread in the services you use day-to-day. Whether we recognize it or not, AI applications are already shaping our consciousness. Machine learning-based recommendation mechanisms on platforms like YouTube, Facebook, TikTok, Netflix, Twitter, and Spotify are designed to keep users hooked to their platforms and engaged with content and ads. These systems are also vulnerable to abuse via attacks known as data poisoning.


Multiclass Classification Using SVM - Analytics Vidhya

#artificialintelligence

Handwritten digit classification is one of the multiclass classification problem statements. In this article, we'll introduce the multiclass classification using Support Vector Machines (SVM). We'll first see what exactly is meant by multiclass classification, and we'll discuss how SVM is applied for the multiclass classification problem. "How can you extend a binary classifier to a multi-class classifier in case of SVM algorithm?" Multiclass Classification: In this type of classification, the machine learning model should classify an instance as only one of three classes or more.


An Open-Source Tool for Classification Models in Resource-Constrained Hardware

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Abstract-- Applications that need to sense, measure, and gather real-time information from the environment frequently face three main restrictions: power consumption, cost, and lack of infrastructure. Most of the challenges imposed by these limitations can be better addressed by embedding Machine Learning (ML) classifiers in the hardware that senses the environment, creating smart sensors able to interpret the low-level data stream. However, for this approach to be cost-effective, we need highly efficient classifiers suitable to execute in unresourceful hardware, such as low-power microcontrollers. In this paper, we present an open-source tool named EmbML - Embedded Machine Learning that implements a pipeline to develop classifiers for resource-constrained hardware. We describe its implementation details and provide a comprehensive analysis of its classifiers considering accuracy, classification time, and memory usage. Moreover, we compare the performance of its classifiers with classifiers produced by related tools to demonstrate that our tool provides a diverse set of classification algorithms that are both compact and accurate. Therefore, these smart sensors are more powerefficient since they eliminate the need for communicating all the raw data. PPLICATIONS that need to sense, measure, and gather real-time information from the environment frequently of interest - e.g., a dry soil crop area that needs watering or face three main restrictions [1]: power consumption, cost, the capture of a disease-vector mosquito.


Physarum Powered Differentiable Linear Programming Layers and Applications

arXiv.org Machine Learning

Consider a learning algorithm, which involves an internal call to an optimization routine such as a generalized eigenvalue problem, a cone programming problem or even sorting. Integrating such a method as a layer(s) within a trainable deep neural network (DNN) in an efficient and numerically stable way is not straightforward -- for instance, only recently, strategies have emerged for eigendecomposition and differentiable sorting. We propose an efficient and differentiable solver for general linear programming problems which can be used in a plug and play manner within DNNs as a layer. Our development is inspired by a fascinating but not widely used link between dynamics of slime mold (physarum) and optimization schemes such as steepest descent. We describe our development and show the use of our solver in a video segmentation task and meta-learning for few-shot learning. We review the existing results and provide a technical analysis describing its applicability for our use cases. Our solver performs comparably with a customized projected gradient descent method on the first task and outperforms the differentiable CVXPY-SCS solver on the second task. Experiments show that our solver converges quickly without the need for a feasible initial point. Our proposal is easy to implement and can easily serve as layers whenever a learning procedure needs a fast approximate solution to a LP, within a larger network.


Stock Price Prediction Using Python & Machine Learning

#artificialintelligence

In this tutorial will show you how to write a Python program that predicts the price of stocks using two different Machine Learning Algorithms, one is called a Support Vector Regression (SVR) and the other is Linear Regression. So you can start trading and making money! Actually this program is really simple and I doubt any major profit will be made from this program, but it's slightly better than guessing! In this video will show you how to write a Python program that predicts the price of stocks using two different Machine Learning Algorithms, one is called a Support Vector Regression (SVR) and the other is Linear Regression. So you can start trading and making money!



GMOTE: Gaussian based minority oversampling technique for imbalanced classification adapting tail probability of outliers

arXiv.org Machine Learning

Classification of imbalanced data is one of the common problems in the recent field of data mining. Imbalanced data substantially affects the performance of standard classification models. Data-level approaches mainly use the oversampling methods to solve the problem, such as synthetic minority oversampling Technique (SMOTE). However, since the methods such as SMOTE generate instances by linear interpolation, synthetic data space may look like a polygonal. Also, the oversampling methods generate outliers of the minority class. In this paper, we proposed Gaussian based minority oversampling technique (GMOTE) with a statistical perspective for imbalanced datasets. To avoid linear interpolation and to consider outliers, this proposed method generates instances by the Gaussian Mixture Model. Motivated by clustering-based multivariate Gaussian outlier score (CMGOS), we propose to adapt tail probability of instances through the Mahalanobis distance to consider local outliers. The experiment was carried out on a representative set of benchmark datasets. The performance of the GMOTE is compared with other methods such as SMOTE. When the GMOTE is combined with classification and regression tree (CART) or support vector machine (SVM), it shows better accuracy and F1-Score. Experimental results demonstrate the robust performance.


Comprehensive Review On Twin Support Vector Machines

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Twin support vector machine (TSVM) and twin support vector regression (TSVR) are newly emerging efficient machine learning techniques which offer promising solutions for classification and regression challenges respectively. TSVM is based upon the idea to identify two nonparallel hyperplanes which classify the data points to their respective classes. It requires to solve two small sized quadratic programming problems (QPPs) in lieu of solving single large size QPP in support vector machine (SVM) while TSVR is formulated on the lines of TSVM and requires to solve two SVM kind problems. Although there has been good research progress on these techniques; there is limited literature on the comparison of different variants of TSVR. Thus, this review presents a rigorous analysis of recent research in TSVM and TSVR simultaneously mentioning their limitations and advantages. To begin with we first introduce the basic theory of TSVM and then focus on the various improvements and applications of TSVM, and then we introduce TSVR and its various enhancements. Finally, we suggest future research and development prospects.