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 Support Vector Machines


Language Identification with a Reciprocal Rank Classifier

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Language identification is a critical component of language processing pipelines (Jauhiainen et al.,2019) and is not a solved problem in real-world settings. We present a lightweight and effective language identifier that is robust to changes of domain and to the absence of copious training data. The key idea for classification is that the reciprocal of the rank in a frequency table makes an effective additive feature score, hence the term Reciprocal Rank Classifier (RRC). The key finding for language classification is that ranked lists of words and frequencies of characters form a sufficient and robust representation of the regularities of key languages and their orthographies. We test this on two 22-language data sets and demonstrate zero-effort domain adaptation from a Wikipedia training set to a Twitter test set. When trained on Wikipedia but applied to Twitter the macro-averaged F1-score of a conventionally trained SVM classifier drops from 90.9% to 77.7%. By contrast, the macro F1-score of RRC drops only from 93.1% to 90.6%. These classifiers are compared with those from fastText and langid. The RRC performs better than these established systems in most experiments, especially on short Wikipedia texts and Twitter. The RRC classifier can be improved for particular domains and conversational situations by adding words to the ranked lists. Using new terms learned from such conversations, we demonstrate a further 7.9% increase in accuracy of sample message classification, and 1.7% increase for conversation classification. Surprisingly, this made results on Twitter data slightly worse. The RRC classifier is available as an open source Python package (https://github.com/LivePersonInc/lplangid).


A Novel Online Incremental Learning Intrusion Prevention System

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Attack vectors are continuously evolving in order to evade Intrusion Detection systems. Internet of Things (IoT) environments, while beneficial for the IT ecosystem, suffer from inherent hardware limitations, which restrict their ability to implement comprehensive security measures and increase their exposure to vulnerability attacks. This paper proposes a novel Network Intrusion Prevention System that utilises a SelfOrganizing Incremental Neural Network along with a Support Vector Machine. Due to its structure, the proposed system provides a security solution that does not rely on signatures or rules and is capable to mitigate known and unknown attacks in real-time with high accuracy. Based on our experimental results with the NSL KDD dataset, the proposed framework can achieve on-line updated incremental learning, making it suitable for efficient and scalable industrial applications.


Machine Learning Made Simple

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Registration Link - https://bit.ly/3Aios5K 14 Days. 10 Speakers. All-Inclusive Program. Career Tips. Free of Charge. Have you ever dreamt of becoming a data science rockstar and launching a career in Silicon Valley? We know the fastest pathway and canโ€™t wait to share it with you. 💁 โšก Register to the first edition of our well-packed ML marathon right now. During the 14 days of comprehensive online webinars you will: 📌 find out insider tips from the leading experts about how to quickly start a successful data science career in Silicon Valley; 📌 level up your theoretical knowledge and learn breakthrough approaches to the creation of turnkey ML solutions without coding; 📌 boost your practical skills and master the ways to solve real-world challenges with ML; 📌 discover how to create TinyML models and embed them into the edge devices; 📌 get an overview of the current industry landscape, latest ML trends, and tools. 🎁 All participants will have a chance to take part in a special competition by Neuton.AI. Build a predictive model with a preassigned dataset and compare its accuracy with Neutonโ€™s model. The creator of the most accurate model will be awarded with a free 3-month premium subscription to the Neuton.AI Platform. Duration: 1.5 hours daily Time: 7:00 PM IST - 8:30 PM IST (+5.30 GMT) Join our marathon today to skyrocket your data science career tomorrow! 🚀 Program: Block 1: Career Prospects 👨โ€💻 9/27/2021 Machine Learning in a Nutshell by Soham Sharma Bringing Silicon Valley to Student by bridging gap between colleges and real-world by Gurumurthy Yeleswarapu, Siliconvalley4u 9/28/2021 How to take up data career. Your Ticket to the BIG Data Science World: Enter the Largest International Community of DS and business experts, AI Guild by Dr. Chris Armbruster Block 2: Actionable AutoML Tools 🛠๏ธ 9/29/2021 Master Data Science without a Single Line of Code, Leveraging Neuton.AI [Live Demo Included] by Alex Miller & Danil Zherebtsov Block 3: Theory & Practice 💻 9/30/2021 The Fundamentals of Linear Regression (Theory) by Pallab Nath 10/1/2021 The Fundamentals of Linear Regression (Practice) by Pallab Nath 10/2/2021 Introduction to Support Vector Machines (Theory) by Dr. Promit Ray 10/3/2021 Introduction to Support Vector Machines (Practice) by Dr. Promit Ray 10/4/2021 The Art of Logistic Regression (Theory) by Namita Konnur 10/5/2021 The Art of Logistic Regression (Practice) by Namita Konnur 10/6/2021 KNN | Tips and Tricks (Theory) by Vivek Nair 10/7/2021 KNN | Tips and Tricks (Practice) by Vivek Nair 10/8/2021 In-Depth: Decision Tree + Random Forest (Theory) by Suram Saraswati Anugna 10/9/2021 In-Depth: Decision Tree + Random Forest (Practice) by Suram Saraswati Anugna Block 4: Industry Trends 💡 10/10/2021 TinyML: AI Intelligence for Edge Devices [Case Included] by Danil Zherebtsov


When Big Data Goes Local, Small Data Gets Big

#artificialintelligence

In an earlier article "The Importance of Location in Real Estate, Weather, and Machine Learning," various meanings and applications of location-based discovery in data science and machine learning were discussed. One algorithm described there is a powerful but strangely named machine learning algorithm: the Support Vector Machine (SVM). In the remarks below, we summarize the significance and utility of another powerful but strangely named machine learning algorithm that focuses on location: Local Linear Embedding (LLE). LLE is a specific example from the general category of Manifold Learning algorithms. The most famous example of manifold learning with LLE is the Swiss jelly roll example (illustrated above).


Association Rule Mining -- Not Your Typical ML Algorithm

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Many mathematical algorithms that we use in data science and machine learning require numeric data. And many algorithms tend to be very complex to implement (such as Support Vector Machines or Local Linear Embedding, which we previously discussed). But, association rule mining is perfect for categorical (non-numeric) data and it involves nothing more than simple counting! What we have here is a simple algorithm with not so simplistic results! The ratio of actionable insights discovery potential (high) to algorithm complexity (low) is quite large and atypical, IMHO.


A Comparative Study of Machine Learning Methods for Predicting the Evolution of Brain Connectivity from a Baseline Timepoint

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Predicting the evolution of the brain network, also called connectome, by foreseeing changes in the connectivity weights linking pairs of anatomical regions makes it possible to spot connectivity-related neurological disorders in earlier stages and detect the development of potential connectomic anomalies. Remarkably, such a challenging prediction problem remains least explored in the predictive connectomics literature. It is a known fact that machine learning (ML) methods have proven their predictive abilities in a wide variety of computer vision problems. However, ML techniques specifically tailored for the prediction of brain connectivity evolution trajectory from a single timepoint are almost absent. To fill this gap, we organized a Kaggle competition where 20 competing teams designed advanced machine learning pipelines for predicting the brain connectivity evolution from a single timepoint. The competing teams developed their ML pipelines with a combination of data pre-processing, dimensionality reduction, and learning methods. Utilizing an inclusive evaluation approach, we ranked the methods based on two complementary evaluation metrics (mean absolute error (MAE) and Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC)) and their performances using different training and testing data perturbation strategies (single random split and cross-validation). The final rank was calculated using the rank product for each competing team across all evaluation measures and validation strategies. In support of open science, the developed 20 ML pipelines along with the connectomic dataset are made available on GitHub. The outcomes of this competition are anticipated to lead to the further development of predictive models that can foresee the evolution of brain connectivity over time, as well as other types of networks (e.g., genetic networks).


Fake News Detection Using Machine Learning Ensemble Methods

#artificialintelligence

The advent of the World Wide Web and the rapid adoption of social media platforms (such as Facebook and Twitter) paved the way for information dissemination that has never been witnessed in the human history before. With the current usage of social media platforms, consumers are creating and sharing more information than ever before, some of which are misleading with no relevance to reality. Automated classification of a text article as misinformation or disinformation is a challenging task. Even an expert in a particular domain has to explore multiple aspects before giving a verdict on the truthfulness of an article. In this work, we propose to use machine learning ensemble approach for automated classification of news articles. Our study explores different textual properties that can be used to distinguish fake contents from real. By using those properties, we train a combination of different machine learning algorithms using various ensemble methods and evaluate their performance on 4 real world datasets. Experimental evaluation confirms the superior performance of our proposed ensemble learner approach in comparison to individual learners. The advent of the World Wide Web and the rapid adoption of social media platforms (such as Facebook and Twitter) paved the way for information dissemination that has never been witnessed in the human history before. Besides other use cases, news outlets benefitted from the widespread use of social media platforms by providing updated news in near real time to its subscribers. The news media evolved from newspapers, tabloids, and magazines to a digital form such as online news platforms, blogs, social media feeds, and other digital media formats [1]. It became easier for consumers to acquire the latest news at their fingertips.


The Importance of Location in Real Estate, Weather, and Machine Learning

#artificialintelligence

Real estate experts like to say that the three most important features of a property are: location, location, location! Likewise, weather events are highly location-dependent. We will see below how a similar perspective is also applicable to machine learning algorithms. In real estate, the buyer is first and foremost concerned about location for at least 3 reasons: (a) the desirability of the surrounding neighborhood; (b) the proximity to schools, businesses, services, etc.; and (c) the value of properties in that area. Similarly, meteorologists tell us that all weather is local.


SVM for Beginners: Support Vector Machines in R Studio

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You're looking for a complete Support Vector Machines course that teaches you everything you need to create a SVM model in R, right? You've found the right Support Vector Machines techniques course! How this course will help you? A Verifiable Certificate of Completion is presented to all students who undertake this Machine learning advanced course. If you are a business manager or an executive, or a student who wants to learn and apply machine learning in Real world problems of business, this course will give you a solid base for that by teaching you some of the advanced technique of machine learning, which are Support Vector Machines.


Detecting and Mitigating Test-time Failure Risks via Model-agnostic Uncertainty Learning

arXiv.org Machine Learning

Reliably predicting potential failure risks of machine learning (ML) systems when deployed with production data is a crucial aspect of trustworthy AI. This paper introduces Risk Advisor, a novel post-hoc meta-learner for estimating failure risks and predictive uncertainties of any already-trained black-box classification model. In addition to providing a risk score, the Risk Advisor decomposes the uncertainty estimates into aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty components, thus giving informative insights into the sources of uncertainty inducing the failures. Consequently, Risk Advisor can distinguish between failures caused by data variability, data shifts and model limitations and advise on mitigation actions (e.g., collecting more data to counter data shift). Extensive experiments on various families of black-box classification models and on real-world and synthetic datasets covering common ML failure scenarios show that the Risk Advisor reliably predicts deployment-time failure risks in all the scenarios, and outperforms strong baselines.