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 Clustering


PURSUhInT: In Search of Informative Hint Points Based on Layer Clustering for Knowledge Distillation

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

One of the most efficient methods for model compression is hint distillation, where the student model is injected with information (hints) from several different layers of the teacher model. Although the selection of hint points can drastically alter the compression performance, conventional distillation approaches overlook this fact and use the same hint points as in the early studies. Therefore, we propose a clustering based hint selection methodology, where the layers of teacher model are clustered with respect to several metrics and the cluster centers are used as the hint points. Our method is applicable for any student network, once it is applied on a chosen teacher network. The proposed approach is validated in CIFAR-100 and ImageNet datasets, using various teacher-student pairs and numerous hint distillation methods. Our results show that hint points selected by our algorithm results in superior compression performance compared to state-of-the-art knowledge distillation algorithms on the same student models and datasets.


A Bayesian Learning, Greedy agglomerative clustering approach and evaluation techniques for Author Name Disambiguation Problem

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Author names often suffer from ambiguity owing to the same author appearing under different names and multiple authors possessing similar names. It creates difficulty in associating a scholarly work with the person who wrote it, thereby introducing inaccuracy in credit attribution, bibliometric analysis, search-by-author in a digital library, and expert discovery. A plethora of techniques for disambiguation of author names have been proposed in the literature. I try to focus on the research efforts targeted to disambiguate author names. I first go through the conventional methods, then I discuss evaluation techniques and the clustering model which finally leads to the Bayesian learning and Greedy agglomerative approach. I believe this concentrated review will be useful for the research community because it discusses techniques applied to a very large real database that is actively used worldwide. The Bayesian and the greedy agglomerative approach used will help to tackle AND problems in a better way. Finally, I try to outline a few directions for future work.


Unsupervised Learning: Clustering

#artificialintelligence

Airline contexts include punctuality, food, comfort, entertainment, etc. An owner can determine which areas of his business need to be focused on by using this analysis. His priority would be the quality of food being served to customers if, for example, the most negative comments are about food. There are situations, however, in which business owners are uncertain. It is also possible to lack training data.


Seeking Commonness and Inconsistencies: A Jointly Smoothed Approach to Multi-view Subspace Clustering

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Multi-view subspace clustering aims to discover the hidden subspace structures from multiple views for robust clustering, and has been attracting considerable attention in recent years. Despite significant progress, most of the previous multi-view subspace clustering algorithms are still faced with two limitations. First, they usually focus on the consistency (or commonness) of multiple views, yet often lack the ability to capture the cross-view inconsistencies in subspace representations. Second, many of them overlook the local structures of multiple views and cannot jointly leverage multiple local structures to enhance the subspace representation learning. To address these two limitations, in this paper, we propose a jointly smoothed multi-view subspace clustering (JSMC) approach. Specifically, we simultaneously incorporate the cross-view commonness and inconsistencies into the subspace representation learning. The view-consensus grouping effect is presented to jointly exploit the local structures of multiple views to regularize the view-commonness representation, which is further associated with the low-rank constraint via the nuclear norm to strengthen its cluster structure. Thus the cross-view commonness and inconsistencies, the view-consensus grouping effect, and the low-rank representation are seamlessly incorporated into a unified objective function, upon which an alternating optimization algorithm is performed to achieve a robust subspace representation for clustering. Experimental results on a variety of real-world multi-view datasets confirm the superiority of our approach. Code available: https://github.com/huangdonghere/JSMC.


A Compressed Sensing Based Least Squares Approach to Semi-supervised Local Cluster Extraction

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

A least squares semi-supervised local clustering algorithm based on the idea of compressed sensing is proposed to extract clusters from a graph with known adjacency matrix. The algorithm is based on a two-stage approach similar to the one in \cite{LaiMckenzie2020}. However, under a weaker assumption and with less computational complexity than the one in \cite{LaiMckenzie2020}, the algorithm is shown to be able to find a desired cluster with high probability. The ``one cluster at a time" feature of our method distinguishes it from other global clustering methods. Several numerical experiments are conducted on the synthetic data such as stochastic block model and real data such as MNIST, political blogs network, AT\&T and YaleB human faces data sets to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithm.


Improving Multilayer-Perceptron(MLP)-based Network Anomaly Detection with Birch Clustering on CICIDS-2017 Dataset

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Machine learning algorithms have been widely used in intrusion detection systems, including Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP). In this study, we proposed a two-stage model that combines the Birch clustering algorithm and MLP classifier to improve the performance of network anomaly multi-classification. In our proposed method, we first apply Birch or Kmeans as an unsupervised clustering algorithm to the CICIDS-2017 dataset to pre-group the data. The generated pseudo-label is then added as an additional feature to the training of the MLP-based classifier. The experimental results show that using Birch and K-Means clustering for data pre-grouping can improve intrusion detection system performance. Our method can achieve 99.73% accuracy in multi-classification using Birch clustering, which is better than similar researches using a stand-alone MLP model.


Monitoring the Dynamic Networks of Stock Returns

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

In this paper, we study the connection between the companies in the Swedish capital market. We consider 28 companies included in the determination of the market index OMX30. The network structure of the market is constructed using different methods to determine the distance between the companies. We use hierarchical clustering methods to find the relation among the companies in each window. Next, we obtain one-dimensional time series of the distances between the clustering trees that reflect the changes in the relationship between the companies in the market over time. The method of statistical process control, namely the Shewhart control chart, is applied to those time series to detect abnormal changes in the financial market.


How To Overcome Richness Axiom Fallacy

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

The paper points at the grieving problems implied by the richness axiom in the Kleinberg's axiomatic system and suggests resolutions. The richness induces learnability problem in general and leads to conflicts with consistency axiom. As a resolution, learnability constraints and usage of centric consistency or restriction of the domain of considered clusterings to super-ball-clusterings is proposed.


Conversation Disentanglement with Bi-Level Contrastive Learning

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Conversation disentanglement aims to group utterances into detached sessions, which is a fundamental task in processing multi-party conversations. Existing methods have two main drawbacks. First, they overemphasize pairwise utterance relations but pay inadequate attention to the utterance-to-context relation modeling. Second, huge amount of human annotated data is required for training, which is expensive to obtain in practice. To address these issues, we propose a general disentangle model based on bi-level contrastive learning. It brings closer utterances in the same session while encourages each utterance to be near its clustered session prototypes in the representation space. Unlike existing approaches, our disentangle model works in both supervised setting with labeled data and unsupervised setting when no such data is available. The proposed method achieves new state-of-the-art performance on both settings across several public datasets.


ProSiT! Latent Variable Discovery with PROgressive SImilarity Thresholds

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

The most common ways to explore latent document dimensions are topic models and clustering methods. However, topic models have several drawbacks: e.g., they require us to choose the number of latent dimensions a priori, and the results are stochastic. Most clustering methods have the same issues and lack flexibility in various ways, such as not accounting for the influence of different topics on single documents, forcing word-descriptors to belong to a single topic (hard-clustering) or necessarily relying on word representations. We propose PROgressive SImilarity Thresholds - ProSiT, a deterministic and interpretable method, agnostic to the input format, that finds the optimal number of latent dimensions and only has two hyper-parameters, which can be set efficiently via grid search. We compare this method with a wide range of topic models and clustering methods on four benchmark data sets. In most setting, ProSiT matches or outperforms the other methods in terms six metrics of topic coherence and distinctiveness, producing replicable, deterministic results.