Machine learning has shown great potential in the field of cancer multi-omics studies, offering incredible opportunities for advancing precision medicine. However, the challenges associated with dataset curation and task formulation pose significant hurdles, especially for researchers lacking a biomedical background. Here, we introduce the CMOB, the first large-scale cancer multi-omics benchmark integrates the TCGA platform, making data resources accessible and usable for machine learning researchers without significant preparation and expertise.To date, CMOB includes a collection of 20 cancer multi-omics datasets covering 32 cancers, accompanied by a systematic data processing pipeline. CMOB provides well-processed dataset versions to support 20 meaningful tasks in four studies, with a collection of benchmarks. We also integrate CMOB with two complementary resources and various biological tools to explore broader research avenues.All resources are open-accessible with user-friendly and compatible integration scripts that enable non-experts to easily incorporate this complementary information for various tasks. We conduct extensive experiments on selected datasets to offer recommendations on suitable machine learning baselines for specific applications. Through CMOB, we aim to facilitate algorithmic advances and hasten the development, validation, and clinical translation of machine-learning models for personalized cancer treatments. CMOB is available on GitHub (\url{https://github.com/chenzRG/Cancer-Multi-Omics-Benchmark}).

The primary goal of traffic accident anticipation is to foresee potential accidents in real time using dashcam videos, a task that is pivotal for enhancing the safety and reliability of autonomous driving technologies. In this study, we introduce an innovative framework, AccNet, which significantly advances the prediction capabilities beyond the current state-of-the-art (SOTA) 2D-based methods by incorporating monocular depth cues for sophisticated 3D scene modeling. Addressing the prevalent challenge of skewed data distribution in traffic accident datasets, we propose the Binary Adaptive Loss for Early Anticipation (BA-LEA). This novel loss function, together with a multi-task learning strategy, shifts the focus of the predictive model towards the critical moments preceding an accident. {We rigorously evaluate the performance of our framework on three benchmark datasets--Dashcam Accident Dataset (DAD), Car Crash Dataset (CCD), and AnAn Accident Detection (A3D), and DADA-2000 Dataset--demonstrating its superior predictive accuracy through key metrics such as Average Precision (AP) and mean Time-To-Accident (mTTA).

Collaborative Metric Learning (CML) has recently emerged as a popular method in recommendation systems (RS), closing the gap between metric learning and collaborative filtering. Following the convention of RS, existing practices exploit unique user representation in their model design. This paper focuses on a challenging scenario where a user has multiple categories of interests. Under this setting, the unique user representation might induce preference bias, especially when the item category distribution is imbalanced. To address this issue, we propose a novel method called \textit{Diversity-Promoting Collaborative Metric Learning} (DPCML), with the hope of considering the commonly ignored minority interest of the user. The key idea behind DPCML is to introduce a set of multiple representations for each user in the system where users' preference toward an item is aggregated by taking the minimum item-user distance among their embedding set. Specifically, we instantiate two effective assignment strategies to explore a proper quantity of vectors for each user. Meanwhile, a \textit{Diversity Control Regularization Scheme} (DCRS) is developed to accommodate the multi-vector representation strategy better. Theoretically, we show that DPCML could induce a smaller generalization error than traditional CML. Furthermore, we notice that CML-based approaches usually require \textit{negative sampling} to reduce the heavy computational burden caused by the pairwise objective therein. In this paper, we reveal the fundamental limitation of the widely adopted hard-aware sampling from the One-Way Partial AUC (OPAUC) perspective and then develop an effective sampling alternative for the CML-based paradigm. Finally, comprehensive experiments over a range of benchmark datasets speak to the efficacy of DPCML. Code are available at \url{https://github.com/statusrank/LibCML}.

The growth of digitalization services via web browsers has simplified our daily routine of doing business. But at the same time, it has made the web browser very attractive for several cyber-attacks. Web phishing is a well-known cyberattack that is used by attackers camouflaging as trustworthy web servers to obtain sensitive user information such as credit card numbers, bank information, personal ID, social security number, and username and passwords. In recent years many techniques have been developed to identify the authentic web pages that users visit and warn them when the webpage is phishing. In this paper, we have developed an extension for Chrome the most favorite web browser, that will serve as a middleware between the user and phishing websites. The Chrome extension named "NoPhish" shall identify a phishing webpage based on several Machine Learning techniques. We have used the training dataset from "PhishTank" and extracted the 22 most popular features as rated by the Alexa database. The training algorithms used are Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and k-Nearest Neighbor. The performance results show that Random Forest delivers the best precision.

Traffic roundabouts, as complex and critical road scenarios, pose significant safety challenges for autonomous vehicles. In particular, the encounter of a vehicle with a dilemma zone (DZ) at a roundabout intersection is a pivotal concern. This paper presents an automated system that leverages trajectory forecasting to predict DZ events, specifically at traffic roundabouts. Our system aims to enhance safety standards in both autonomous and manual transportation. The core of our approach is a modular, graph-structured recurrent model that forecasts the trajectories of diverse agents, taking into account agent dynamics and integrating heterogeneous data, such as semantic maps. This model, based on graph neural networks, aids in predicting DZ events and enhances traffic management decision-making. We evaluated our system using a real-world dataset of traffic roundabout intersections. Our experimental results demonstrate that our dilemma forecasting system achieves a high precision with a low false positive rate of 0.1. This research represents an advancement in roundabout DZ data mining and forecasting, contributing to the assurance of intersection safety in the era of autonomous vehicles.

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detectors can act as safety monitors in embedded cyber-physical systems by identifying samples outside a machine learning model's training distribution to prevent potentially unsafe actions. However, OOD detectors are often implemented using deep neural networks, which makes it difficult to meet real-time deadlines on embedded systems with memory and power constraints. We consider the class of variational autoencoder (VAE) based OOD detectors where OOD detection is performed in latent space, and apply quantization, pruning, and knowledge distillation. These techniques have been explored for other deep models, but no work has considered their combined effect on latent space OOD detection. While these techniques increase the VAE's test loss, this does not correspond to a proportional decrease in OOD detection performance and we leverage this to develop lean OOD detectors capable of real-time inference on embedded CPUs and GPUs. We propose a design methodology that combines all three compression techniques and yields a significant decrease in memory and execution time while maintaining AUROC for a given OOD detector. We demonstrate this methodology with two existing OOD detectors on a Jetson Nano and reduce GPU and CPU inference time by 20% and 28% respectively while keeping AUROC within 5% of the baseline.

The escalating global mortality and morbidity rates associated with gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, compounded by the complexities and limitations of traditional endoscopic methods, underscore the urgent need for a critical review of current methodologies used for addressing this condition. With an estimated 300,000 annual deaths worldwide, the demand for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies is paramount. The introduction of Video Capsule Endoscopy (VCE) has marked a significant advancement, offering a comprehensive, non-invasive visualization of the digestive tract that is pivotal for detecting bleeding sources unattainable by traditional methods. Despite its benefits, the efficacy of VCE is hindered by diagnostic challenges, including time-consuming analysis and susceptibility to human error. This backdrop sets the stage for exploring Machine Learning (ML) applications in automating GI bleeding detection within capsule endoscopy, aiming to enhance diagnostic accuracy, reduce manual labor, and improve patient outcomes. Through an exhaustive analysis of 113 papers published between 2008 and 2023, this review assesses the current state of ML methodologies in bleeding detection, highlighting their effectiveness, challenges, and prospective directions. It contributes an in-depth examination of AI techniques in VCE frame analysis, offering insights into open-source datasets, mathematical performance metrics, and technique categorization. The paper sets a foundation for future research to overcome existing challenges, advancing gastrointestinal diagnostics through interdisciplinary collaboration and innovation in ML applications.

Cardiac auscultation, an integral tool in diagnosing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), often relies on the subjective interpretation of clinicians, presenting a limitation in consistency and accuracy. Addressing this, we introduce the BUET Multi-disease Heart Sound (BMD-HS) dataset - a comprehensive and meticulously curated collection of heart sound recordings. This dataset, encompassing 864 recordings across five distinct classes of common heart sounds, represents a broad spectrum of valvular heart diseases, with a focus on diagnostically challenging cases. The standout feature of the BMD-HS dataset is its innovative multi-label annotation system, which captures a diverse range of diseases and unique disease states. This system significantly enhances the dataset's utility for developing advanced machine learning models in automated heart sound classification and diagnosis. By bridging the gap between traditional auscultation practices and contemporary data-driven diagnostic methods, the BMD-HS dataset is poised to revolutionize CVD diagnosis and management, providing an invaluable resource for the advancement of cardiac health research. The dataset is publicly available at this link: https://github.com/mHealthBuet/BMD-HS-Dataset.

Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the imaging technique with the highest sensitivity for detecting breast cancer and is routinely used for women at high risk. Despite the comprehensive multiparametric protocol of breast MRI, existing artificial intelligence-based studies predominantly rely on single sequences and have limited validation. Here we report a large mixture-of-modality-experts model (MOME) that integrates multiparametric MRI information within a unified structure, offering a noninvasive method for personalized breast cancer management. We have curated the largest multiparametric breast MRI dataset, involving 5,205 patients from three hospitals in the north, southeast, and southwest of China, for the development and extensive evaluation of our model. MOME demonstrated accurate and robust identification of breast cancer. It achieved comparable performance for malignancy recognition to that of four senior radiologists and significantly outperformed a junior radiologist, with 0.913 AUROC, 0.948 AUPRC, 0.905 F1 score, and 0.723 MCC. Our findings suggest that MOME could reduce the need for biopsies in BI-RADS 4 patients with a ratio of 7.3%, classify triple-negative breast cancer with an AUROC of 0.709, and predict pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with an AUROC of 0.694. The model further supports scalable and interpretable inference, adapting to missing modalities and providing decision explanations by highlighting lesions and measuring modality contributions. MOME exemplifies a discriminative, robust, scalable, and interpretable multimodal model, paving the way for noninvasive, personalized management of breast cancer patients based on multiparametric breast imaging data.

Botnets are computer networks controlled by malicious actors that present significant cybersecurity challenges. They autonomously infect, propagate, and coordinate to conduct cybercrimes, necessitating robust detection methods. This research addresses the sophisticated adversarial manipulations posed by attackers, aiming to undermine machine learning-based botnet detection systems. We introduce a flow-based detection approach, leveraging machine learning and deep learning algorithms trained on the ISCX and ISOT datasets. The detection algorithms are optimized using the Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization to obtain a baseline detection method. The Carlini & Wagner (C&W) attack and Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) generate deceptive data with subtle perturbations, targeting each feature used for classification while preserving their semantic and syntactic relationships, which ensures that the adversarial samples retain meaningfulness and realism. An in-depth analysis of the required L2 distance from the original sample for the malware sample to misclassify is performed across various iteration checkpoints, showing different levels of misclassification at different L2 distances of the Pertrub sample from the original sample. Our work delves into the vulnerability of various models, examining the transferability of adversarial examples from a Neural Network surrogate model to Tree-based algorithms. Subsequently, models that initially misclassified the perturbed samples are retrained, enhancing their resilience and detection capabilities. In the final phase, a conformal prediction layer is integrated, significantly rejecting incorrect predictions, of 58.20 % in the ISCX dataset and 98.94 % in the ISOT dataset.