Deepfakes are manipulated and misleading videos that use deep learning technology to produce sophisticated doctored videos. Normally this involved splicing someone's face onto an existing video, often making it seem like a celebrity or public figure did something that never happened. Now the tools exist to do the same thing with someone's entire body, like a digital puppeteer. That's thanks to a new technique out of Heidelberg University that was recently published to Github and presented at September's European Conference on Computer Vision -- a step forward for deepfakes that has escaped mainstream scrutiny, but that could lead to the next generation of altered footage. The technology isn't perfect yet, but it's a worrisome preview of what could come.

One of the most fundamental question for scientists across the globe has been – "How to learn a new skill?". The desire to understand the answer is obvious – if we can understand this, we can enable human species to do things we might not have thought before. Alternately, we can train machines to do more "human" tasks and create true artificial intelligence. While we don't have a complete answer to the above question yet, there are a few things which are clear. Irrespective of the skill, we first learn by interacting with the environment.

Systems or machines that mimic human intelligence. Often used interchangeably with its subfields, including machine learning and deep learning, artificial intelligence has become a catch-all term for applications that perform complex tasks that once required human input, such as chatting online with customers or playing chess.

Donald Trump is speaking Mandarin. This is happening in the city of Tianjin, about an hour's drive south of Beijing, within a gleaming office building that belongs to iFlytek, one of China's rapidly rising artificial-intelligence companies. Beyond guarded gates, inside a glitzy showroom, the US president is on a large TV screen heaping praise on the Chinese company. It's Trump's voice and face, but the recording is, of course, fake--a cheeky demonstration of the cutting-edge AI technology iFlytek is developing. Jiang Tao chuckles and leads the way to some other examples of iFlytek's technology.

Discovering imaging biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is critical to help explain ASD and predict or monitor treatment outcomes. Toward this end, deep learning classifiers have recently been used for identifying ASD from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with higher accuracy than traditional learning strategies. However, a key challenge with deep learning models is understanding just what image features the network is using, which can in turn be used to define the biomarkers. Current methods extract biomarkers, i.e., important features, by looking at how the prediction changes if "ignoring" one feature at a time. In this work, we go beyond looking at only individual features by using Shapley value explanation (SVE) from cooperative game theory. Cooperative game theory is advantageous here because it directly considers the interaction between features and can be applied to any machine learning method, making it a novel, more accurate way of determining instance-wise biomarker importance from deep learning models. A barrier to using SVE is its computational complexity: $2^N$ given $N$ features. We explicitly reduce the complexity of SVE computation by two approaches based on the underlying graph structure of the input data: 1) only consider the centralized coalition of each feature; 2) a hierarchical pipeline which first clusters features into small communities, then applies SVE in each community. Monte Carlo approximation can be used for large permutation sets. We first validate our methods on the MNIST dataset and compare to human perception. Next, to insure plausibility of our biomarker results, we train a Random Forest (RF) to classify ASD/control subjects from fMRI and compare SVE results to standard RF-based feature importance. Finally, we show initial results on ranked fMRI biomarkers using SVE on a deep learning classifier for the ASD/control dataset.

We tackle unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD), a problem of detecting data that significantly differ from normal data. UAD is typically solved by using density estimation. Recently, deep neural network (DNN)-based density estimators, such as Normalizing Flows, have been attracting attention. However, one of their drawbacks is the difficulty in adapting them to the change in the normal data's distribution. To address this difficulty, we propose AdaFlow, a new DNN-based density estimator that can be easily adapted to the change of the distribution. AdaFlow is a unified model of a Normalizing Flow and Adaptive Batch-Normalizations, a module that enables DNNs to adapt to new distributions. AdaFlow can be adapted to a new distribution by just conducting forward propagation once per sample; hence, it can be used on devices that have limited computational resources. We have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed model through an anomaly detection in a sound task. We also propose a method of applying AdaFlow to the unpaired cross-domain translation problem, in which one has to train a cross-domain translation model with only unpaired samples. We have confirmed that our model can be used for the cross-domain translation problem through experiments on image datasets.

Deep recurrent neural networks perform well on sequence data and are the model of choice. It is a daunting task to decide the number of layers, especially considering different computational needs for tasks within a sequence of different difficulties. We propose a layer flexible recurrent neural network with adaptive computational time, and expand it to a sequence to sequence model. Contrary to the adaptive computational time model, our model has a dynamic number of transmission states which vary by step and sequence. We evaluate the model on a financial dataset. Experimental results show the performance improvement and indicate the model's ability to dynamically change the number of layers.

The AAAI-18 workshop program included 15 workshops covering a wide range of topics in AI. Workshops were held Sunday and Monday, February 2–7, 2018, at the Hilton New Orleans Riverside in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. This report contains summaries of the Affective Content Analysis workshop; the Artificial Intelligence Applied to Assistive Technologies and Smart Environments; the AI and Marketing Science workshop; the Artificial Intelligence for Cyber Security workshop; the AI for Imperfect-Information Games; the Declarative Learning Based Programming workshop; the Engineering Dependable and Secure Machine Learning Systems workshop; the Health Intelligence workshop; the Knowledge Extraction from Games workshop; the Plan, Activity, and Intent Recognition workshop; the Planning and Inference workshop; the Preference Handling workshop; the Reasoning and Learning for Human-Machine Dialogues workshop; and the the AI Enhanced Internet of Things Data Processing for Intelligent Applications workshop.

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) [10, 20] are widely used deep generative models capable of learning unsupervised latent representations of data. Such representations areoften difficult to interpret or control. We consider the problem of unsupervised learning of features correlated to specific labels in a dataset. We propose a VAE-based generative model which we show is capable of extracting features correlated to binary labels in the data and structuring it in a latent subspace which is easy to interpret. Our model, the Conditional Subspace VAE (CSVAE), uses mutual information minimization to learn a low-dimensional latent subspace associated with each label that can easily be inspected and independently manipulated. Wedemonstrate the utility of the learned representations for attribute manipulation tasks on both the Toronto Face [23] and CelebA [15] datasets.

Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments are designed using computer simulations that are approximations of reality, and therefore must be calibrated to accurately predict experimental observations. In this work, we propose a novel nonlinear technique for calibrating from simulations to experiments, or from low fidelity simulations to high fidelity simulations, via "transfer learning". Transfer learning is a commonly used technique in the machine learning community, in which models trained on one task are partially retrained to solve a separate, but related task, for which there is a limited quantity of data. We introduce the idea of hierarchical transfer learning, in which neural networks trained on low fidelity models are calibrated to high fidelity models, then to experimental data. This technique essentially bootstraps the calibration process, enabling the creation of models which predict high fidelity simulations or experiments with minimal computational cost. We apply this technique to a database of ICF simulations and experiments carried out at the Omega laser facility. Transfer learning with deep neural networks enables the creation of models that are more predictive of Omega experiments than simulations alone. The calibrated models accurately predict future Omega experiments, and are used to search for new, optimal implosion designs.