The bad news is, Japan is beset by seemingly insoluble problems. The good news is the word "seemingly." No nation whose rise to economic superpowerdom began a bare decade after being bombed to rubble in history's most destructive war will ever find anything truly "insoluble." Give it 34 years, says Clyde Prestowitz. His name rings bells in Japan -- alarm bells mostly, because Prestowitz, an American labor economist who served in the 1980s as economic adviser to the administration of U.S. President Ronald Reagan, earned notoriety here as a prime "Japan basher."

In a milestone for artificial intelligence, a computer has beaten a human champion at a strategy game that requires "intuition" rather than brute processing power to prevail, its makers said Wednesday. Dubbed AlphaGo, the system honed its own skills through a process of trial and error, playing millions of games against itself until it was battle-ready, and surprised even its creators with its prowess. "AlphaGo won five-nil, and it was stronger than perhaps we were expecting," said Demis Hassabis, the chief executive of Google DeepMind, a British artificial intelligence (AI) company. A computer defeating a professional human player at the 3,000-year-old Chinese board game known as Go, was thought to be about a decade off. The clean-sweep victory over three-time European Go champion Fan Hui "signifies a major step forward in one of the great challenges in the development of artificial intelligence--that of game-playing," the British Go Association said in a statement.

UCLA researchers have developed a new laser-based technology to rapidly screen blood samples for the presence of cancer cells. The label-free system measures 16 different physical characteristics of each cell and analyzes the data to identify whether the cell is cancerous. Not having to introduce any labeling chemicals and being gentle on the cells, the technique leaves the cells alive and available for further inspection using other means. It relies on a photonic time stretch microscope and a computer that runs deep learning artificial intelligence algorithms. The microscope can take millions of images per second thanks to unusual optics that produce high quality shots even at this speed.

You have a fever, can't eat and you're barely strong enough to get out of bed. So you phone your GP surgery for an appointment, only to be told that the first one is two weeks away. A mobile app, Your.MD, is promising something radically different. Billed as a personal health assistant, it uses artificial intelligence (AI) to mimic, as far as possible, your consultation with a GP. If you tell Your.MD your symptoms, it will tell you what it thinks your problem might be.

Have trouble achieving a work-life balance? Well, Google Calendar might be able to help. On Wednesday, Google released Goals, a new feature for Google Calendar that uses machine intelligence to help users find time in their busy schedule to accomplish personal goals, such as exercising, reading more, or learning a new skill. Goals is on the Google Calendar mobile app, and can be used to tackle specific, categorized goals, or to create and pursue a custom personal goal. The new feature is now available everywhere that Calendar is. For those of us who live and die by what's on our calendars, stating our goals is a good start to achieving them.

Scientists at the California NanoSystems Institute at UCLA have developed a new technique for identifying cancer cells in blood samples faster and more accurately than the current standard methods. In one common approach to testing for cancer, doctors add biochemicals to blood samples. Those biochemicals attach biological "labels" to the cancer cells, and those labels enable instruments to detect and identify them. However, the biochemicals can damage the cells and render the samples unusable for future analyses. There are other current techniques that don't use labeling but can be inaccurate because they identify cancer cells based only on one physical characteristic.

Deutsch's senior VP and creative technology director, Martin Legowiecki, told Marketing Land, "We are at a point of switching up how we use computers. It used to be we had to talk like computers." With chatbots marketers can use computers to "talk" with consumers, not just the other way around. Of course in creating a chatbot, marketers must craft elaborate decision trees on how the automated communication responds to various interactions. For example, when the TacoBot takes order, if you tell the you happen to be drunk, it automatically adds water to your order -- and humor into the chatbot ordering process.

Scientists at the California NanoSystems Institute at UCLA have developed a new technique for identifying cancer cells in blood samples faster and more accurately than the current standard methods. In one common approach to testing for cancer, doctors add biochemicals to blood samples. Those biochemicals attach biological "labels" to the cancer cells, and those labels enable instruments to detect and identify them. However, the biochemicals can damage the cells and render the samples unusable for future analyses. There are other current techniques that don't use labeling but can be inaccurate because they identify cancer cells based only on one physical characteristic.

Stocks turned lower on the Tokyo Stock Exchange Friday, pressured by selling on a rally after the recent sharp advance. The 225-issue Nikkei average lost 63.02 points, or 0.37 percent, to end at 16,848.03. On Thursday, the key market gauge jumped 529.83 points to a two-week high. The Topix index of all first-section issues finished down 9.95 points, or 0.73 percent, at 1,361.40, after advancing 38.91 points the previous day. Tokyo stocks got off to a weaker start after the Nikkei average shot up more than 1,100 points, or over 7 percent, during the previous three days.

Sleep is a naturally recurring state of mind characterized by altered consciousness, relatively inhibited sensory activity, inhibition of nearly all voluntary muscles, and reduced interactions with surroundings.[1] It is distinguished from wakefulness by a decreased ability to react to stimuli, but is more easily reversed than the state of hibernation or of being comatose. Mammalian sleep occurs in repeating periods, in which the body alternates between two highly distinct modes known as non-REM and REM sleep. REM stands for "rapid eye movement" but involves many other aspects including virtual paralysis of the body. During sleep, most systems in an animal are in an anabolic state, building up the immune, nervous, skeletal, and muscular systems. Sleep in non-human animals is observed in mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish, and, in some form, in insects and even in simpler animals such as nematodes. The internal circadian clock promotes sleep daily at night in diurnal species (such as humans) and in the day in nocturnal organisms (such as rodents). However, sleep patterns vary widely among animals and among different individual humans. Industrialization and artificial light have substantially altered human sleep habits in the last 100 years.[2] The diverse purposes and mechanisms of sleep are the subject of substantial ongoing research.[3] Sleep seems to assist animals with improvements in the body and mind. A well-known feature of sleep in humans is the dream, an experience typically recounted in narrative form, which resembles waking life while in progress, but which usually can later be distinguished as fantasy. Sleep is sometimes confused with unconsciousness, but is quite different in terms of thought process. Humans may suffer from a number of sleep disorders. These include dyssomnias (such as insomnia, hypersomnia, and sleep apnea), parasomnias (such as sleepwalking and REM behavior disorder), bruxism, and the circadian rhythm sleep disorders. In mammals and birds, sleep is divided into two broad types: rapid eye movement (REM sleep) and non-rapid eye movement (NREM or non-REM sleep). Each type has a distinct set of physiological and neurological features associated with it. REM sleep is associated with dreaming, desynchronized and faster brain waves, loss of muscle tone,[4] and suspension of homeostasis[citation needed]. REM and non-REM sleep are so different that physiologists classify them as distinct behavioral states. In this view, REM, non-REM, and waking represent the three major modes of consciousness, neural activity, and physiological regulation.[5]