A dream is a succession of images, ideas, emotions, and sensations that usually occurs involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep.[1] The content and purpose of dreams are not definitively understood, though they have been a topic of scientific speculation, as well as a subject of philosophical and religious interest, throughout recorded history. The scientific study of dreams is called oneirology.[2] Dreams mainly occur in the rapid-eye movement (REM) stage of sleep--when brain activity is high and resembles that of being awake. REM sleep is revealed by continuous movements of the eyes during sleep. At times, dreams may occur during other stages of sleep. However, these dreams tend to be much less vivid or memorable.[3] The length of a dream can vary; they may last for a few seconds, or approximately 20–30 minutes.[3] People are more likely to remember the dream if they are awakened during the REM phase. The average person has three to five dreams per night, and some may have up to seven;[4] however, most dreams are immediately or quickly forgotten.[5] Dreams tend to last longer as the night progresses. During a full eight-hour night sleep, most dreams occur in the typical two hours of REM.[6] In modern times, dreams have been seen as a connection to the unconscious mind. They range from normal and ordinary to overly surreal and bizarre. Dreams can have varying natures, such as being frightening, exciting, magical, melancholic, adventurous, or sexual. The events in dreams are generally outside the control of the dreamer, with the exception of lucid dreaming, where the dreamer is self-aware.[7]

A dream is a succession of images, ideas, emotions, and sensations that usually occurs involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep.[1] The content and purpose of dreams are not definitively understood, though they have been a topic of scientific speculation, as well as a subject of philosophical and religious interest, throughout recorded history. The scientific study of dreams is called oneirology.[2] Dreams mainly occur in the rapid-eye movement (REM) stage of sleep--when brain activity is high and resembles that of being awake. REM sleep is revealed by continuous movements of the eyes during sleep. At times, dreams may occur during other stages of sleep. However, these dreams tend to be much less vivid or memorable.[3] The length of a dream can vary; they may last for a few seconds, or approximately 20–30 minutes.[3] People are more likely to remember the dream if they are awakened during the REM phase. The average person has three to five dreams per night, and some may have up to seven;[4] however, most dreams are immediately or quickly forgotten.[5] Dreams tend to last longer as the night progresses. During a full eight-hour night sleep, most dreams occur in the typical two hours of REM.[6] In modern times, dreams have been seen as a connection to the unconscious mind. They range from normal and ordinary to overly surreal and bizarre. Dreams can have varying natures, such as being frightening, exciting, magical, melancholic, adventurous, or sexual. The events in dreams are generally outside the control of the dreamer, with the exception of lucid dreaming, where the dreamer is self-aware.[7]

A dream is a succession of images, ideas, emotions, and sensations that usually occurs involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep.[1] The content and purpose of dreams are not definitively understood, though they have been a topic of scientific speculation, as well as a subject of philosophical and religious interest, throughout recorded history. The scientific study of dreams is called oneirology.[2] Dreams mainly occur in the rapid-eye movement (REM) stage of sleep--when brain activity is high and resembles that of being awake. REM sleep is revealed by continuous movements of the eyes during sleep. At times, dreams may occur during other stages of sleep. However, these dreams tend to be much less vivid or memorable.[3] The length of a dream can vary; they may last for a few seconds, or approximately 20–30 minutes.[3] People are more likely to remember the dream if they are awakened during the REM phase. The average person has three to five dreams per night, and some may have up to seven;[4] however, most dreams are immediately or quickly forgotten.[5] Dreams tend to last longer as the night progresses. During a full eight-hour night sleep, most dreams occur in the typical two hours of REM.[6] In modern times, dreams have been seen as a connection to the unconscious mind. They range from normal and ordinary to overly surreal and bizarre. Dreams can have varying natures, such as being frightening, exciting, magical, melancholic, adventurous, or sexual. The events in dreams are generally outside the control of the dreamer, with the exception of lucid dreaming, where the dreamer is self-aware.[7]

Researchers have trained an artificial intelligence algorithm to understand and predict visual humor, representing a major development towards creating "common sense" machines. The machine-learning algorithm, created by scientists at Virginia Tech, is capable of both recognising and creating humorous scenes by analysing certain aspects of an image considered to be funny. According to the researchers, humor is a major barrier to the advancement of AI and could hold the key to unlocking emotional intelligence. "Humor is an integral part of human lives," the paper's abstract states. "Despite being tremendously impactful, it is perhaps surprising that we do not yet have a detailed understanding of humor."

Launched by digital health and weight-loss platform Lose It!, the new feature of an already existing app proposes a simple solution to those who struggle to keep track of their caloric intake: Take a photo of your food, and Snap It will immediately display its calorie count Showing people the caloric value of their foods before they eat them can help modify their eating habits. Some studies have shown that keeping a food journal helps people stick to their diet. And in an effort to fight rising obesity rates, the FDA announced in 2014 that chain restaurants throughout the U.S. will have to post calorie information in their menus (the rule is set to go into effect sometime next year). But the FDA rules won't apply to all restaurants. And food diets are cumbersome, tending to go the way of new year's resolutions.

You walk into the break room and sit down for a cup of hot brew. The boss is there, flipping through his personal Instagram account. You think about asking about the weather, but he abruptly marches off, heading to a meeting. Wait, this person is your boss? What seems like a low emotional intelligence (or EQ) could also be a sign of someone who simply doesn't care about your day or that you recently knocked a sales presentation out of the park.

The migration to online and mobile has created a conundrum for banks. They have worked hard to sell the convenience of digital channels to the point that they now find themselves in reactive mode -- they are waiting for customers to need something. The 20 startups selected for this year's FinTech Forward Companies to Watch are helping banks replicate, and in some cases enhance, the close bonds they often share with their customers in person through digital channels. The companies are redefining personal banking and personal security. They're using artificial intelligence to offer virtual assistance.

Robot automation is a rapidly rising trend in many major manufacturing areas, from cars to construction to clothing, and bots are also taking over customer service jobs, like retail assistant or even food deliverer. Now, one startup is putting robots somewhere relatively new: the kitchen. Zume Pizza in Mountain View, California, is letting robots make their pizzas and reducing labor costs in the process. To be specific, Zume is having robots take over the tasks humans traditionally have difficulty doing. These robots spread sauce evenly and work the 426 C (800 F) oven, a workplace hazard for humans.

Winterlight Labs, a spinoff from the University of Toronto, is using natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning to identify people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other forms of dementia based on patterns in their recorded speech. The World Health Organization estimates that 47.5 million people in the world have dementia, which is defined as a chronic or persistent disorder of the brain marked by lapses in memory, personality changes, and impaired reasoning. In developed countries, AD is one of the most costly of all diseases to treat. Every year in the United States, 236,000 people are diagnosed with AD. There are an additional 100,000 healthy individuals over the age of 60 who seek AD screening.

If there's one thing doctors and patients want from breast cancer diagnoses, it's reliability. Keeping up with the massive flow of research data on breast cancer is a challenge for scientists. And the variety of methods used to analyze that data make reliable predictions difficult to come by. A team from Harvard Medical School's Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) tackled this issue using deep learning, in the 2016 Camelyon Grand Challenge. Hosted by the International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, the competition aims to determine how algorithms can help pathologists better identify cancer in lymph node images.