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Deterministic Computing Power Networking: Architecture, Technologies and Prospects

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

With the development of new Internet services such as computation-intensive and delay-sensitive tasks, the traditional "Best Effort" network transmission mode has been greatly challenged. The network system is urgently required to provide end-to-end transmission determinacy and computing determinacy for new applications to ensure the safe and efficient operation of services. Based on the research of the convergence of computing and networking, a new network paradigm named deterministic computing power networking (Det-CPN) is proposed. In this article, we firstly introduce the research advance of computing power networking. And then the motivations and scenarios of Det-CPN are analyzed. Following that, we present the system architecture, technological capabilities, workflow as well as key technologies for Det-CPN. Finally, the challenges and future trends of Det-CPN are analyzed and discussed.


Causal Reasoning: Charting a Revolutionary Course for Next-Generation AI-Native Wireless Networks

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Despite the basic premise that next-generation wireless networks (e.g., 6G) will be artificial intelligence (AI)-native, to date, most existing efforts remain either qualitative or incremental extensions to existing "AI for wireless" paradigms. Indeed, creating AI-native wireless networks faces significant technical challenges due to the limitations of data-driven, training-intensive AI. These limitations include the black-box nature of the AI models, their curve-fitting nature, which can limit their ability to reason and adapt, their reliance on large amounts of training data, and the energy inefficiency of large neural networks. In response to these limitations, this article presents a comprehensive, forward-looking vision that addresses these shortcomings by introducing a novel framework for building AI-native wireless networks; grounded in the emerging field of causal reasoning. Causal reasoning, founded on causal discovery, causal representation learning, and causal inference, can help build explainable, reasoning-aware, and sustainable wireless networks. Towards fulfilling this vision, we first highlight several wireless networking challenges that can be addressed by causal discovery and representation, including ultra-reliable beamforming for terahertz (THz) systems, near-accurate physical twin modeling for digital twins, training data augmentation, and semantic communication. We showcase how incorporating causal discovery can assist in achieving dynamic adaptability, resilience, and cognition in addressing these challenges. Furthermore, we outline potential frameworks that leverage causal inference to achieve the overarching objectives of future-generation networks, including intent management, dynamic adaptability, human-level cognition, reasoning, and the critical element of time sensitivity.


The Morning After: The verdict on Samsung's Galaxy S24 Ultra

Engadget

Samsung's 2024 flagship has landed. The S24 Ultra has a new titanium frame, improved telephoto cameras and is jam-packed with new AI smarts and features. AI tools range across text and translation, photography and search. A lot of these AI abilities are already available from other services, like ChatGPT and Bard, but this is crammed into the S24 series at the base level, so from the Notes app you can summarize, auto-format, spellcheck or translate your missives, on the go. Factor in a much faster chip, a brighter display and even longer battery life and the S24 Ultra makes a case for upgrading.


MAPLE: Mobile App Prediction Leveraging Large Language Model Embeddings

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

In recent years, predicting mobile app usage has become increasingly important for areas like app recommendation, user behaviour analysis, and mobile resource management. Existing models, however, struggle with the heterogeneous nature of contextual data and the user cold start problem. This study introduces a novel prediction model, Mobile App Prediction Leveraging Large Language Model Embeddings (MAPLE), which employs Large Language Models (LLMs) and installed app similarity to overcome these challenges. MAPLE utilises the power of LLMs to process contextual data and discern intricate relationships within it effectively. Additionally, we explore the use of installed app similarity to address the cold start problem, facilitating the modelling of user preferences and habits, even for new users with limited historical data. In essence, our research presents MAPLE as a novel, potent, and practical approach to app usage prediction, making significant strides in resolving issues faced by existing models. MAPLE stands out as a comprehensive and effective solution, setting a new benchmark for more precise and personalised app usage predictions. In tests on two real-world datasets, MAPLE surpasses contemporary models in both standard and cold start scenarios. These outcomes validate MAPLE's capacity for precise app usage predictions and its resilience against the cold start problem. This enhanced performance stems from the model's proficiency in capturing complex temporal patterns and leveraging contextual information. As a result, MAPLE can potentially improve personalised mobile app usage predictions and user experiences markedly.


Viewing the process of generating counterfactuals as a source of knowledge

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

There are now many explainable AI methods for understanding the decisions of a machine learning model. Among these are those based on counterfactual reasoning, which involve simulating features changes and observing the impact on the prediction. This article proposes to view this simulation process as a source of creating a certain amount of knowledge that can be stored to be used, later, in different ways. This process is illustrated in the additive model and, more specifically, in the case of the naive Bayes classifier, whose interesting properties for this purpose are shown.


Galaxy S24 Ultra review: Samsung's AI reinforcements have arrived

Engadget

For nearly a decade the Galaxy Note was the undisputed king of Android phones. But when the OG phablet line was retired in 2020, that title passed on to the Ultra. While the hardware inside the most expensive Galaxy S model is as dominant as ever, over the past few years, the software in Google phones has begun to outshine anything available from Samsung. But armed with a new suite of AI-powered features, the Galaxy S24 Ultra (S24U) got exactly what it needed to maintain its spot atop the Android battlefield. There are three main areas of improvement to the S24 Ultra: design, cameras and all of Samsung's new AI tools.


Flexible Communication for Optimal Distributed Learning over Unpredictable Networks

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Gradient compression alleviates expensive communication in distributed deep learning by sending fewer values and its corresponding indices, typically via Allgather (AG). Training with high compression ratio (CR) achieves high accuracy like DenseSGD, but has lower parallel scaling due to high communication cost (i.e., parallel efficiency). Using lower CRs improves parallel efficiency by lowering synchronization cost, but degrades model accuracy as well (statistical efficiency). Further, speedup attained with different models and CRs also varies with network latency, effective bandwidth and collective op used for aggregation. In many cases, collectives like Allreduce (AR) have lower cost than AG to exchange the same amount of data. In this paper, we propose an AR-compatible Topk compressor that is bandwidth-optimal and thus performs better than AG in certain network configurations. We develop a flexible communication strategy that switches between AG and AR based on which collective is optimal in the current settings, and model the pareto-relationship between parallel and statistical efficiency as a multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem to dynamically adjust CR and accelerate training while still converging to high accuracy.


Americans hit with 78 BILLION robocall scams each year, new report reveals after AI-cloned voice of Joe Biden urged New Hampshire Democrats not to vote in primary

Daily Mail - Science & tech

A new report reveals that Robocall scam are on the rise in America amid the advancement of AI that can clone voices - even that of the US President Joe Biden. A fake recorded message impersonating Biden was unleashed in New Hampshire this week, which urged Democrats now to vote in the primary. 'Voting this Tuesday only enables the Republicans in their quest to elect Donald Trump again. Your vote makes a difference in November, not this Tuesday,' victims heard on the phone. The malicious campaign highlights the dangers of technology that is running rampant in the US - Americans are hit with 78 billion robocalls and 225 billion robotexts per year - a more than 50 percent jump from 2021.


A Survey on Trustworthy Edge Intelligence: From Security and Reliability To Transparency and Sustainability

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Edge Intelligence (EI) integrates Edge Computing (EC) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to push the capabilities of AI to the network edge for real-time, efficient and secure intelligent decision-making and computation. However, EI faces various challenges due to resource constraints, heterogeneous network environments, and diverse service requirements of different applications, which together affect the trustworthiness of EI in the eyes of stakeholders. This survey comprehensively summarizes the characteristics, architecture, technologies, and solutions of trustworthy EI. Specifically, we first emphasize the need for trustworthy EI in the context of the trend toward large models. We then provide an initial definition of trustworthy EI, explore its key characteristics and give a multi-layered architecture for trustworthy EI. Then, we summarize several important issues that hinder the achievement of trustworthy EI. Subsequently, we present enabling technologies for trustworthy EI systems and provide an in-depth literature review of the state-of-the-art solutions for realizing the trustworthiness of EI. Finally, we discuss the corresponding research challenges and open issues.


Traffic Pattern Classification in Smart Cities Using Deep Recurrent Neural Network

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

This paper examines the use of deep recurrent neural networks to classify traffic patterns in smart cities. We propose a novel approach to traffic pattern classification based on deep recurrent neural networks, which can effectively capture traffic patterns' dynamic and sequential features. The proposed model combines convolutional and recurrent layers to extract features from traffic pattern data and a SoftMax layer to classify traffic patterns. Experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms existing methods regarding accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. Furthermore, we provide an in depth analysis of the results and discuss the implications of the proposed model for smart cities. The results show that the proposed model can accurately classify traffic patterns in smart cities with a precision of as high as 95%. The proposed model is evaluated on a real world traffic pattern dataset and compared with existing classification methods.