Characterization and modeling of path-dependent behaviors of complex materials by phenomenological models remains challenging due to difficulties in formulating mathematical expressions and internal state variables (ISVs) governing path-dependent behaviors. Data-driven machine learning models, such as deep neural networks and recurrent neural networks (RNNs), have become viable alternatives. However, pure black-box data-driven models mapping inputs to outputs without considering the underlying physics suffer from unstable and inaccurate generalization performance. This study proposes a machine-learned physics-informed data-driven constitutive modeling approach for path-dependent materials based on the measurable material states. The proposed data-driven constitutive model is designed with the consideration of universal thermodynamics principles, where the ISVs essential to the material path-dependency are inferred automatically from the hidden state of RNNs. The RNN describing the evolution of the data-driven machine-learned ISVs follows the thermodynamics second law. To enhance the robustness and accuracy of RNN models, stochasticity is introduced to model training. The effects of the number of RNN history steps, the internal state dimension, the model complexity, and the strain increment on model performances have been investigated. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated by modeling soil material behaviors under cyclic shear loading using experimental stress-strain data.

Plastic waste poses an ecological challenge1–3 and enzymatic degradation offers one, potentially green and scalable, route for polyesters waste recycling4. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) accounts for 12% of global solid waste5, and a circular carbon economy for PET is theoretically attainable through rapid enzymatic depolymerization followed by repolymerization or conversion/valorization into other products6–10. Application of PET hydrolases, however, has been hampered by their lack of robustness to pH and temperature ranges, slow reaction rates and inability to directly use untreated postconsumer plastics11. Here, we use a structure-based, machine learning algorithm to engineer a robust and active PET hydrolase. Our mutant and scaffold combination (FAST-PETase: functional, active, stable and tolerant PETase) contains five mutations compared to wild-type PETase (N233K/R224Q/S121E from prediction and D186H/R280A from scaffold) and shows superior PET-hydrolytic activity relative to both wild-type and engineered alternatives12 between 30 and 50 °C and a range of pH levels. We demonstrate that untreated, postconsumer-PET from 51 different thermoformed products can all be almost completely degraded by FAST-PETase in 1 week. FAST-PETase can also depolymerize untreated, amorphous portions of a commercial water bottle and an entire thermally pretreated water bottle at 50 ºC. Finally, we demonstrate a closed-loop PET recycling process by using FAST-PETase and resynthesizing PET from the recovered monomers. Collectively, our results demonstrate a viable route for enzymatic plastic recycling at the industrial scale. Untreated, postconsumer-PET from 51 different thermoformed products can all be almost completely degraded by FAST-PETase in 1 week and PET can be resynthesized from the recovered monomers, demonstrating recycling at the industrial scale.

Facebook's parent company, Meta, has used AI to develop a new way of creating concrete which it claims produces 40 per cent less carbon emissions than standard mixtures, and is already using it in its latest data centre. But experts say that concrete mixtures with similar emissions are already in use across Europe, and that constructing new buildings is incompatible with reducing carbon pollution. Meta is investing heavily in AI research, including building the world's most powerful AI-specific supercomputer. Its main aims are to develop better speech-recognition tools, automatically translate between different languages and help build a 3D virtual metaverse, but the company is also using AI to work on projects such as concrete production. The company says that this construction material is a major contributor to its carbon footprint as it builds data centres around the world for its online services.

New additive manufacturing methods are needed to realize more complex soft robots. One example is soft fluidic robotics, which exploits fluidic power and stiffness gradients. Porous structures are an interesting type for this approach, as they are flexible and allow for fluid transport. Within this work, the Infill-Foam (InFoam) is proposed to print structures with graded porosity by liquid rope coiling (LRC). By exploiting LRC, the InFoam method could exploit the repeatable coiling patterns to print structures. To this end, only the characterization of the relation between nozzle height and coil radius and the extruded length were necessary (at a fixed temperature). Then by adjusting the nozzle height and/or extrusion speed the porosity of the printed structure could be set. The InFoam method was demonstrated by printing porous structures using styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) with porosities ranging from 46\% to 89\%. In compression tests, the cubes showed large changes in modulus (more than 200 times), density (-89\% compared to bulk), and energy dissipation. The InFoam method combined coiling and normal plotting to realize a large range of porosity gradients. This grading was exploited to realize rectangular structures with varying deformation patterns, which included twisting, contraction, and bending. Furthermore, the InFoam method was shown to be capable of programming the behavior of bending actuators by varying the porosity. Both the output force and stroke showed correlations similar to those of the cubes. Thus, the InFoam method can fabricate and program the mechanical behavior of a soft fluidic (porous) actuator by grading porosity.

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The proportion of mining industry operations and technologies companies hiring for artificial intelligence related positions rose in March 2022 compared with the equivalent month last year, with 38.8% of the companies included in our analysis recruiting for at least one such position. This latest figure was higher than the 29.9% of companies who were hiring for artificial intelligence related jobs a year ago but a decrease compared to the figure of 41.4% in February 2022. When it came to the rate of all job openings that were linked to artificial intelligence, related job postings rose in March 2022, with 2% of newly posted job advertisements being linked to the topic. This latest figure was the highest monthly figure recorded in the past year and is an increase compared to the 1.9% of newly advertised jobs that were linked to artificial intelligence in the equivalent month a year ago. Artificial intelligence is one of the topics that GlobalData, from whom our data for this article is taken, have identified as being a key disruptive force facing companies in the coming years.

Industrial demand for silver soared to a record high of 508m ounces last year, according to The Silver Institute. The post Industrial silver demand reached record highs...

Robotic grippers with visuotactile sensors have access to rich tactile information for grasping tasks but encounter difficulty in partially encompassing large objects with sufficient grip force. While hierarchical gecko-inspired adhesives are a potential technique for bridging performance gaps, they require a large contact area for efficient usage. In this work, we present a new version of an adaptive gecko gripper called Viko 2.0 that effectively combines the advantage of adhesives and visuotactile sensors. Compared with a non-hierarchical structure, a hierarchical structure with a multimaterial design achieves approximately a 1.5 times increase in normal adhesion and double in contact area. The integrated visuotactile sensor captures a deformation image of the hierarchical structure and provides a real-time measurement of contact area, shear force, and incipient slip detection at 24 Hz. The gripper is implemented on a robotic arm to demonstrate an adaptive grasping pose based on contact area, and grasps objects with a wide range of geometries and textures.

Here, Claudia Jarrett, US country manager at automation parts supplier EU Automation, explains how big players can learn from local businesses, using the IoT to their advantage. Harvard Business Review reports that multinational companies are finding it difficult to optimize their products, services and culture to local markets. The article says that big players are finding international growth costly and cumbersome, especially in countries where they don't have staff who are familiar with local cultures and customers or reliable local supply chain partners. Local companies understand the culture, language and compliance issues, of course, which raises the question: is there a better and more cost-effective way for large manufacturers to integrate local businesses and workers into their networks? Let's look at some steps big manufacturers can take, and why the IoT will prove essential. Three quarters of German manufacturers surveyed in Pricewaterhouse Cooper (PwC)'s Digital Factories 2020 report named regionalization as their main driver for investing in digital factories.

PLEASE NOTE: This is the first generated blog and each new run of the code will be different. This should not be taken as the ground truth. The mining industry has been globalised for many years, with companies operating in multiple countries to maximise production and profits. However, this has led to a number of challenges, including the need to operate in different regulatory environments, manage different labour forces, and navigate different tax systems. Additionally, the volatility of commodity prices has also led to challenges for the industry. Despite these challenges, the mining industry remains a key driver of globalisation, and offers a number of opportunities for companies looking to expand into new markets.