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Certified Unlearning in Decentralized Federated Learning

arXiv.org Machine Learning

Driven by the right to be forgotten (RTBF), machine unlearning has become an essential requirement for privacy-preserving machine learning. However, its realization in decentralized federated learning (DFL) remains largely unexplored. In DFL, clients exchange local updates only with neighbors, causing model information to propagate and mix across the network. As a result, when a client requests data deletion, its influence is implicitly embedded throughout the system, making removal difficult without centralized coordination. We propose a novel certified unlearning framework for DFL based on Newton-style updates. Our approach first quantifies how a client's data influence propagates during training. Leveraging curvature information of the loss with respect to the target data, we then construct corrective updates using Newton-style approximations. To ensure scalability, we approximate second-order information via Fisher information matrices. The resulting updates are perturbed with calibrated noise and broadcast through the network to eliminate residual influence across clients. We theoretically prove that our approach satisfies the formal definition of certified unlearning, ensuring that the unlearned model is difficult to distinguish from a retrained model without the deleted data. We also establish utility bounds showing that the unlearned model remains close to retraining from scratch. Extensive experiments across diverse decentralized settings demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our framework.


UK targets Elon Musk's X with fines and possible ban over Grok deepfake abuse

FOX News

The UK government is threatening to ban Elon Musk's X platform after Technology Secretary Liz Kendall confirmed an investigation into AI-generated sexual abuse images.


FBI Agent's Sworn Testimony Contradicts Claims ICE's Jonathan Ross Made Under Oath

WIRED

FBI Agent's Sworn Testimony Contradicts Claims ICE's Jonathan Ross Made Under Oath The testimony also calls into question whether Ross failed to follow his training during the incident in which he reportedly shot and killed Minnesota citizen Renee Good. In testimony last month in federal court in Minnesota, FBI special agent Bernardo Medellin appeared to directly contradict a claim that ICE agent Jonathan Ross made under oath about whether a man they were trying to detain had asked to speak to his attorney. Medellin's testimony, which details federal training for interactions with drivers, also calls into question whether Ross followed his training during the interaction that led to the shooting and killing of Renee Nicole Good, a 37-year-old mother, last week. Ross has been identified by multiple media outlets as the shooter; while the Trump administration has declined to confirm those reports, details about the shooter shared by Vice President JD Vance match details of Ross' biography. As WIRED previously reported, in December Ross testified that last June he led a team seeking to apprehend a man named Roberto Carlos Muñoz-Guatemala, who had an administrative warrant out for being in the US without authorization.


What a new law and an investigation could mean for Grok AI deepfakes

BBC News

Two of these images were generated using the artificial intelligence tool Grok, which is free to use and belongs to Elon Musk. I've never worn the rather fetching yellow ski suit, or the red and blue jacket - the middle photo is the original - but I don't know how I could prove that if I needed to, because of those pictures. Of course, Grok is under fire for undressing rather than redressing women. It made pictures of people in bikinis, or worse, when prompted by others. And shared the results in public on the social network X.


UK to investigate Elon Musk's Grok over 'deeply concerning' deepfakes

Al Jazeera

United Kingdom media regulator Ofcom has launched a formal investigation into Elon Musk's X over the use of AI chatbot Grok to generate deepfake sexualised images. Ofcom labelled the reports as "deeply concerning", warning in a statement issued on Monday that the chatbot's creation of nude deepfakes could amount to "intimate image abuse or pornography", and that "sexualised images of children" could be considered "child sexual abuse material". Ofcom said its investigation will determine whether X "failed to comply with its legal obligations", and was launched after the company complied with an earlier request from the regulator to explain the steps it had taken to protect UK users. Asked for a comment, X referred the AFP news agency to a previous statement, which said it took action against illegal content on X "by removing it, permanently suspending accounts, and working with local governments and law enforcement as necessary". Technology Secretary Liz Kendall said it was vital that Ofcom complete its investigation swiftly, as the public, and most importantly the victims, would not accept any delay.


UK to bring into force law to tackle Grok AI deepfakes this week

BBC News

The UK will bring into force a law which will make it illegal to create non-consensual intimate images, following widespread concerns over Elon Musk's Grok AI chatbot. The Technology Secretary Liz Kendall said the government would also seek to make it illegal for companies to supply the tools designed to create such images. Speaking to the Commons, Kendall said AI-generated pictures of women and children in states of undress, created without a person's consent, were not harmless images but weapons of abuse. The BBC has approached X for comment. It previously said: Anyone using or prompting Grok to make illegal content will suffer the same consequences as if they upload illegal content..


Ofcom investigating Elon Musk's X after outcry over sexualised AI images

The Guardian

A deluge of sexual images created by Musk's Grok AI tool has prompted a public and political outcry. A deluge of sexual images created by Musk's Grok AI tool has prompted a public and political outcry. Mon 12 Jan 2026 07.23 ESTFirst published on Mon 12 Jan 2026 06.02 EST The UK media watchdog has opened a formal investigation into Elon Musk's X over the use of the Grok AI tool to manipulate images of women and children by removing their clothes. Ofcom has acted following a public and political outcry over a deluge of sexual images appearing on the platform, created by Musk's Grok, which is integrated with X. The regulator is investigating X under the Online Safety Act (OSA), which carries a range of possible punishments for breaches, including a UK ban of apps and websites for the most serious abuses.


Ofcom investigates Elon Musk's X over Grok AI sexual deepfakes

BBC News

Ofcom has launched an investigation into Elon Musk's X over concerns its AI tool Grok is being used to create sexualised images. In a statement, the UK watchdog said there had been deeply concerning reports of the chatbot being used to create and share undressed images of people, as well as sexualised images of children. If found to have broken the law, Ofcom can potentially issue X with a fine of up to 10% of its worldwide revenue or £18 million, whichever is greater. The BBC has approached X for comment. Elon Musk previously said the UK government wanted any excuse for censorship in response to a post questioning why other AI platforms were not being looked at.


UK regulator Ofcom opens a formal investigation into X over CSAM scandal

Engadget

Malaysia and Indonesia are the first to block Grok over explicit deepfakes that the chatbot has been generating. The UK's media regulator has opened a formal investigation into X under the Online Safety Act. There have been deeply concerning reports of the Grok AI chatbot account on X being used to create and share undressed images of people -- which may amount to intimate image abuse or pornography -- and sexualized images of children that may amount to child sexual abuse material (CSAM), Ofcom said. The investigation will focus on whether X has has complied with its duties to protect people in the UK from content that is illegal in the UK. That includes whether X is taking appropriate measures to prevent UK users from seeing priority illegal content, such as CSAM and non-consensual intimate images; if the platform is removing illegal content quickly after becoming aware of it; and whether X carried out an updated risk assessment before making any significant changes to the platform.


Malaysia and Indonesia are the first to block Grok following CSAM scandal

Engadget

The UK's media regulator has opened a formal investigation into X. Malaysia and Indonesia are the first countries to block Grok, claiming that X's chatbot does not have sufficient safeguards in place to prevent explicit AI-generated deepfakes of women and children from being created and disseminated on X. Indonesia temporarily blocked access to Grok on Saturday, as did Malaysia on Sunday, the reports. Meanwhile, UK media regulator Ofcom has opened a formal investigation into X under the Online Safety Act. The government sees non-consensual sexual deepfakes as a serious violation of human rights, dignity and the safety of citizens in the digital space, Indonesia's Communication and Digital Affairs Minister Meutya Hafid said in a statement. Officials in the country said initial findings showed that Grok lacks effective controls to prevent users from creating and sharing sexually explicit deepfakes based on photos of Indonesian residents.