Research in the field of artificial intelligence is developing rapidly at the various NASA centers, including Langley research Center in Hampton, Virginia. AI studies at Langley involve research for application in aircraft flight management, remote space teleoperators and robots, and structural optimization.

In the past fifteen years artificial intelligence has changed from being the preoccupation of a handful of scientists to a thriving enterprise that has captured the imagination of world leaders and ordinary citizens alike. While corporate and government officials organize new projects whose potential impact is widespread, to date few people have been more affected by the transition than those already in the field. I review here some aspects of this transition, and pose some issues that it raises for AI researchers, developers, and leaders.

Research in the field of artificial intelligence is developing rapidly at the various NASA centers, including Langley research Center in Hampton, Virginia. AI studies at Langley involve research for application in aircraft flight management, remote space teleoperators and robots, and structural optimization.

Originally it was Complex Information Processing. That was the name Herb Simon and I chose in 1956 to describe the area in which we are working. It didn't take long before it became Artificial Intelligence (AI). Coined by John McCarthy, that term has stuck firmly, despite continual grumblings that any other name would be twice as fair (though no grumblings by me; I like the present name). Complex Information processing lives on now only in the title of the CIP Working Papers, a series started by Herb Simon in 1956 and still accumulating entries (to 447). However, from about 1965 much of the work on artificial intelligence that was not related to psychology began to appear in technical reports of the Computer Science Department. These reports, never part of a coherent numbered series until 1978, proliferated in all directions. Starting in the early 1970s (on one can recall exactly when), they did become the subject of a general mailing and thus began to form what everyone thinks of as the CMU Computer Science Technical Reports.

In the past fifteen years artificial intelligence has changed from being the preoccupation of a handful of scientists to a thriving enterprise that has captured the imagination of world leaders and ordinary citizens alike. While corporate and government officials organize new projects whose potential impact is widespread, to date few people have been more affected by the transition than those already in the field. I review here some aspects of this transition, and pose some issues that it raises for AI researchers, developers, and leaders.

Abstract, Editors' Note: In this provocative article Doyle suggests that many of the benefits of current expert systems technology Knowledge engineers qualified to build expert systems are currently in could be achieved without computer-based implementations. Is there not an intermediary position? This revolution is very Namely, that the problems encountered by today's expert important. The views and conclusions contained manpower. The novice still botches the task, but explains in detail of knowledge engineers in the current fashion.

During the past year, a prototype expert system for tactical data fusion has been under development,. This computer program combines various messages concerning electronic intelligence (ELINT) to aid in decision making concerning enemy actions and intentions. The prototype system is written in Prolog, a language that has proved to be very powerful and easy to use for problem /rule development. The resulting prototype system (called EXPRS-Expert Prolog System) uses English-like rule constructs of Prolog code. This approach enables the system to generate answers automatically to "why" a ruled fired, and "how" that rule fired. In addition, a rule clause construct is provided which allows direct access to Prolog code routines. This paper describes the structure of the rules used and provides typical user interactions.

Artificial intelligence (AI) will have profound societal effects. It promises potential benefits (and may also pose risks) in education, defense, business, law and science. In this article we explore how AI is likely to affect employment and the distribution of income. We argue that AI will indeed reduce drastically the need of human toil. We also note that some people fear the automation of work by machines and the resulting of unemployment. Yet, since the majority of us probably would rather use our time for activities other than our present jobs, we ought thus to greet the work-eliminating consequences of AI enthusiastically. The paper discusses two reasons, one economic and one psychological, for this paradoxical apprehension. We conclude with discussion of problems of moving toward the kind of economy that will be enabled by developments in AI.

Artificial Intelligence Research at the University of Maryland

The second example is of another distinguished scholar who, in a passionate contribution to the debate, stated that ... May I also take this opportunity to praise the staff Western governments, were thereby displaying a full sense of I look forward to the continuing success of the Association social responsibility, and anybody who disagreed with this in all its activities. On the surface this appears Yours sincerely, to be at least logical, until one reflects that it would not Marten E. Bennett be particularly difficult with this kind of argument to prove Gzllingham, Kent, UK that Hitler displayed a sense of social responsiblity, since one has no reason to believe that he was not sincere in believing that Jews, communists, Western capitalists and others would destroy his country if not checked. There is really not much excuse these days for anyone The background to it is the "Marietta affair." University of Cambridge, "Defended to Death," edited by movement protested on the conference site, and after some Gwyn Prins and published by Penguin Books). I came away from the meeting wondering why apparently comments.