The emergence of driverless cars, autonomous trading algorithms, and autonomous drone technologies highlight a larger trend in which artificial intelligence is enabling machines to autonomously carry out complex tasks on behalf of their human stakeholders. To effectively represent their stakeholders in many tasks, these autonomous machines must interact with other people and machines that do not fully share the same goals and preferences. While the majority of AI milestones have focused on developing human-level wherewithal to compete with people or to interact with people as teammates that share a common goal, many scenarios in which AI must interact with people and other machines are neither zero-sum nor common-interest interactions. As such, AI must also have the ability to cooperate even in the midst of conflicting interests and threats of being exploited.

Cars which can read drivers' brainwaves and speed up their reaction times by anticipating acceleration, steering and braking, could be available within five to 10 years. Pioneered by Nissan, the Japanese motoring giant unveiled their Brain-to-Vehicle technology (B2V) at the CES 2018 trade show in Las Vegas, US. The company claims it will enable vehicles to interpret signals from the driver's brain, redefining how drivers interact with their cars. Nissan also said that as well as making road travel safer, the cars will keep adapting to make driving more enjoyable. ''When most people think about autonomous driving, they have a very impersonal vision of the future, where humans relinquish control to the machines," said the company's Executive Vice President Daniele Schillaci. ''Yet B2V technology does the opposite, by using signals from their own brain to make the drive even more exciting and enjoyable. Through Nissan Intelligent Mobility, we are moving people to a better world by delivering more autonomy, more electrification and more connectivity."

The cybersecurity industry has always been under constant strain from malware and cyber criminals. However, due to recent breakthroughs in machine learning and AI-enabled technologies, the cyber-security industry is no exception; security solutions are able to scale and automate their processes intelligently. With increasing integration of software services and hardware, into every aspect of our lives, the task of keeping data secure has now become more tedious. The arsenal of tools that cyber criminals today have at their disposal has raised several concerns for security companies. This has created criminals into threat actors who are able to disseminate and penetrate a target's defenses using custom-built and never-before-seen malware.

Artificial intelligence, or AI, is everywhere these days, from self-driving cars and voice-activated software like Siri and Alexa. It's being used in fields from criminal justice to finance. So this year in All Tech Considered, we're going to spend some time exploring AI. Its leadership wants to dominate the tech world. It's one way China can beat possible competitors and adversaries.

The first 500 Emirati men and women will soon start their training in artificial intelligence as the UAE looks to begin shaping its future in a field that is expected to soon touch every company and individual on the planet. The students' training is part of an agreement signed by Oracle and the Higher Colleges of Technology on Sunday to prepare young UAE nationals youth for the country's future jobs. Oracle is also discussing with the university ways to develop AI-related degrees. "We're focusing on research and development in technology as well as providing the necessary support and training for local youth," said Omar Al Olama, Minister of Artificial Intelligence, at the launch in Dubai. "Most importantly, we are focusing on utilising emerging technologies in public services to enhance day-to-day experiences of UAE citizens and increase the efficiency of the government and private sectors. We hope to see the positive effects of these technologies in the coming years."

The findings of the study are evolutionary, not revolutionary, as views towards artificial intelligence have become more refined over the years. These findings reflect the growing acceptance of robots in the classroom and elsewhere by children, millennial parents, and teachers. Robots were initially used in the classroom to help children with autism and have now been in classrooms as teaching assistants or tools for several years. A separate study by the IEEE found that teachers, "had numerous positive ideas about the robot's potential as a new educational tool for their classrooms." These robots, however, were not true artificial intelligence and required programming to perform specific educational tasks.

For technology users who have marveled at the ability of Siri or Alexa to recognize their voice, consider this: The National Security Agency has apparently been way ahead of Apple or Amazon. The agency has at its disposal voice recognition technology that it employs to identify terrorists, government spies, or anyone they choose -- with just a phone call, according to a report by The Intercept. The disclosure was revealed in a recently published article, part of a trove of documents leaked by former NSA contractor Edward Snowden. The publication wrote that by using recorded audio, the NSA is able to create a "voiceprint," or a map of qualities that mark a voice as singular, and identify the person speaking. The documents also suggest the agency is continuously improving its speech recognition capabilities, the publication noted.

Note, there are many variations in the way we calculate the term-frequency(tf) and inverse document frequency (idf), in this post we have seen one variation. Below images show as the other recommended variations of tf and idf, taken from wiki. Mathematically, closeness between two vectors is calculated by calculating the cosine angle between two vectors. In similar lines, we can calculate cosine angle between each document vector and the query vector to find its closeness. To find relevant document to the query term, we may calculate the similarity score between each document vector and the query term vector by applying cosine similarity .

In an intriguing paper certain to catch the eye of senior Pentagon officials, a company claims that an artificial intelligence program it designed allowed drones to repeatedly and convincingly "defeat" a human pilot in simulations in a test done with the Air Force Research Lab (AFRL). A highly experienced former Air Force battle manager, Gene Lee, tried repeatedly and failed to score a kill and "he was shot out of the air by the reds every time after protracted engagements." All of the missile battles were executed beyond Beyond Visual Range. "It seemed to be aware of my intentions and reacting instantly to my changes in flight and my missile deployment. It knew how to defeat the shot I was taking. It moved instantly between defensive and offensive actions as needed," Lee, who oversaw the F-35A, F-22 and Global Hawk systems for Air Combat Command until 2011, said in an article published by University of Cincinnati Magazine.

This article originally appeared in Motley Fool. Artificial intelligence (AI) is already impacting our lives in many ways. From intelligent video curation on Alphabet's (NASDAQ:GOOG) (NASDAQ:GOOGL) YouTube and Google web search to Apple's (NASDAQ:AAPL) Siri personal assistant, AI is already making our lives easier. AI can also help corporations and customers fight against rapidly evolving cyberthreats. For instance, FireEye's (NASDAQ:FEYE) Helix cybersecurity platform is able to automate threat detection and prevention with the help of this emerging technology.