Determined to remain at the forefront of innovation, EUMETSAT will prioritise using artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies over the next decade in order to best serve its user community. The new strategy, known as the Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning roadmap, aims to ensure that EUMETSAT uses the most advanced knowledge and technologies in order to optimise its Earth observation satellite programmes, facilitate research and cooperation among its 30 Member States, and strengthen collaboration among partners, international agencies, academia, and businesses. Artificial intelligence is a field in which machines carry out tasks so sophisticated they have typically been thought to require a human brain. These approaches can be used to better integrate different sources of data into decision-making processes as well as to support humans in interpreting Earth observations and issuing life-saving weather warnings.

We present the AsNER, a named entity annotation dataset for low resource Assamese language with a baseline Assamese NER model. The dataset contains about 99k tokens comprised of text from the speech of the Prime Minister of India and Assamese play. It also contains person names, location names and addresses. The proposed NER dataset is likely to be a significant resource for deep neural based Assamese language processing. We benchmark the dataset by training NER models and evaluating using state-of-the-art architectures for supervised named entity recognition (NER) such as Fasttext, BERT, XLM-R, FLAIR, MuRIL etc. We implement several baseline approaches with state-of-the-art sequence tagging Bi-LSTM-CRF architecture. The highest F1-score among all baselines achieves an accuracy of 80.69% when using MuRIL as a word embedding method. The annotated dataset and the top performing model are made publicly available.

High-order interaction events are common in real-world applications. Learning embeddings that encode the complex relationships of the participants from these events is of great importance in knowledge mining and predictive tasks. Despite the success of existing approaches, e.g. Poisson tensor factorization, they ignore the sparse structure underlying the data, namely the occurred interactions are far less than the possible interactions among all the participants. In this paper, we propose Nonparametric Embeddings of Sparse High-order interaction events (NESH). We hybridize a sparse hypergraph (tensor) process and a matrix Gaussian process to capture both the asymptotic structural sparsity within the interactions and nonlinear temporal relationships between the participants. We prove strong asymptotic bounds (including both a lower and an upper bound) of the sparsity ratio, which reveals the asymptotic properties of the sampled structure. We use batch-normalization, stick-breaking construction, and sparse variational GP approximations to develop an efficient, scalable model inference algorithm. We demonstrate the advantage of our approach in several real-world applications.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the global supply chain is disrupted at an unprecedented scale under uncertain and unknown trends of labor shortage, high material prices, and changing travel or trade regulations. To stay competitive, enterprises desire agile and dynamic response strategies to quickly react to disruptions and recover supply-chain functions. Although both centralized and multi-agent approaches have been studied, their implementation requires prior knowledge of disruptions and agent-rule-based reasoning. In this paper, we introduce a model-based multi-agent framework that enables agent coordination and dynamic agent decision-making to respond to supply chain disruptions in an agile and effective manner. Through a small-scale simulated case study, we showcase the feasibility of the proposed approach under several disruption scenarios that affect a supply chain network differently, and analyze performance trade-offs between the proposed distributed and centralized methods.

To extract essential information from complex data, computer scientists have been developing machine learning models that learn low-dimensional representation mode. From such advances in machine learning research, not only computer scientists but also social scientists have benefited and advanced their research because human behavior or social phenomena lies in complex data. To document this emerging trend, we survey the recent studies that apply word embedding techniques to human behavior mining, building a taxonomy to illustrate the methods and procedures used in the surveyed papers and highlight the recent emerging trends applying word embedding models to non-textual human behavior data. This survey conducts a simple experiment to warn that common similarity measurements used in the literature could yield different results even if they return consistent results at an aggregate level.

In this paper, we introduce a decentralized digital twin (DDT) framework for dynamical systems and discuss the prospects of the DDT modeling paradigm in computational science and engineering applications. The DDT approach is built on a federated learning concept, a branch of machine learning that encourages knowledge sharing without sharing the actual data. This approach enables clients to collaboratively learn an aggregated model while keeping all the training data on each client. We demonstrate the feasibility of the DDT framework with various dynamical systems, which are often considered prototypes for modeling complex transport phenomena in spatiotemporally extended systems. Our results indicate that federated machine learning might be a key enabler for designing highly accurate decentralized digital twins in complex nonlinear spatiotemporal systems.

A central challenge in the computational modeling and simulation of a multitude of science applications is to achieve robust and accurate closures for their coarse-grained representations due to underlying highly nonlinear multiscale interactions. These closure models are common in many nonlinear spatiotemporal systems to account for losses due to reduced order representations, including many transport phenomena in fluids. Previous data-driven closure modeling efforts have mostly focused on supervised learning approaches using high fidelity simulation data. On the other hand, reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful yet relatively uncharted method in spatiotemporally extended systems. In this study, we put forth a modular dynamic closure modeling and discovery framework to stabilize the Galerkin projection based reduced order models that may arise in many nonlinear spatiotemporal dynamical systems with quadratic nonlinearity. However, a key element in creating a robust RL agent is to introduce a feasible reward function, which can be constituted of any difference metrics between the RL model and high fidelity simulation data. First, we introduce a multi-modal RL (MMRL) to discover mode-dependant closure policies that utilize the high fidelity data in rewarding our RL agent. We then formulate a variational multiscale RL (VMRL) approach to discover closure models without requiring access to the high fidelity data in designing the reward function. Specifically, our chief innovation is to leverage variational multiscale formalism to quantify the difference between modal interactions in Galerkin systems. Our results in simulating the viscous Burgers equation indicate that the proposed VMRL method leads to robust and accurate closure parameterizations, and it may potentially be used to discover scale-aware closure models for complex dynamical systems.

The smallest mention of a heatwave in the UK leads to ice creams selling out, barbecues heating up and shorts being dusted off as the nation celebrates. In June this year, air temperatures in parts of the country soared to over 90 F (33 C), while sharp increases were also felt across Europe, the US and Asia. Air temperatures were recorded in excess of 18 F (10 C) above the average for the time of year in many cities, according to the World Meteorological Organisation. But new heat maps released by the European Space Agency (ESA) show that this might not be such a cause for celebration. They reveal that heat dissipated more slowly in urban areas creating'heat islands' and make life more of a struggle. Experts are worried that this effect will only be exacerbated as climate change continues to take hold.

Researchers in the eastern Chinese province of Anhui say they have developed a device that can determine loyalty to the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) using facial scans. A short video uploaded to the Weibo account of the Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center on June 30 said the project was an example of "artificial intelligence empowering party-building." The Weibo post was later deleted, but a text summary of the video, produced in honor of the CCP's July 1 anniversary, remained available on the Internet Archive on Monday. "Guaranteeing the quality of party-member activities is turning into a problem in need of coordination," the text said. "This equipment is a kind of smart ideology, using AI technology to extract and integrate facial expressions, EEG readings and skin conductivity ... making it possible to ascertain the levels of concentration, recognition and mastery of ideological and political education so as to better understand its effectiveness," the description said.

Just as many people have replaced their manual toothbrush with an electric one, so too could robots usher in a new era of teeth cleaning. Scientists have created a swarm of shapeshifting microrobots that they claim can brush, rinse and floss your teeth all at the same time. In a proof-of-concept study, researchers from the University of Pennsylvania showed that the hands-free system could effectively automate the treatment and removal of tooth-decay-causing bacteria and dental plaque. The system could be particularly valuable for those who lack the manual dexterity to clean their teeth effectively themselves, the experts said. The building blocks of these microrobots are iron oxide nanoparticles which have both catalytic and magnetic activity.