LAUNCESTON, Australia (Reuters) - One of humankind's most enduring weaknesses is to assume that the way things are presently will somehow persist into the future, and that current trends are inexorable. This thinking is behind the often repeated view that renewable energy sources such as wind and solar cannot replace thermal electricity generation such as coal and natural gas. Presently, it is correct that the most significant weakness of these renewables is that they are intermittent, meaning they don't generate close to their installed capacity and cause instability in electricity grids. While storage through batteries or pumped hydro is often touted as a solution to the drawbacks of wind and solar, there are other emerging technologies that may well make renewables more effective. One of those is harnessing artificial intelligence (AI) to improve the efficiency of wind and solar by using machine learning programmes to enhance predictability of generation and grid stability.

Intelligent algorithms are recently used in the optimization process in chemical engineering and application of multiphase flows such as bubbling flow. This overview of modeling can be a great replacement with complex numerical methods or very time-consuming and disruptive measurement experimental process. In this study, we develop the adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) method for mapping inputs and outputs together and understand the behavior of the fluid flow from other output parameters of the bubble column reactor. Neural cells can fully learn the process in their memory and after the training stage, the fuzzy structure predicts the multiphase flow data. Four inputs such as x coordinate, y coordinate, z coordinate, and air superficial velocity and one output such as pressure gradient are considered in the learning process of the ANFIS method. During the learning process, the different number of the membership function, type of membership functions and the number of inputs are examined to achieve the intelligent algorithm with high accuracy. The results show that as the number of inputs increases the accuracy of the ANFIS method rises up to R^2>0.99 almost for all cases, while the increment in the number of rules has a effect on the intelligence of artificial algorithm. This finding shows that the density of neural objects or higher input parameters enables the moded for better understanding. We also proposed a new evaluation of data in the bubble column reactor by mapping inputs and outputs and shuffle all parameters together to understand the behaviour of the multiphase flow as a function of either inputs or outputs. This new process of mapping inputs and outputs data provides a framework to fully understand the flow in the fluid domain in a short time of fuzzy structure calculation.

We provide recovery guarantees for compressible signals that have been corrupted with noise and extend the framework introduced in [1] to defend neural networks against $\ell_0$-norm and $\ell_2$-norm attacks. Concretely, for a signal that is approximately sparse in some transform domain and has been perturbed with noise, we provide guarantees for accurately recovering the signal in the transform domain. We can then use the recovered signal to reconstruct the signal in its original domain while largely removing the noise. Our results are general as they can be directly applied to most unitary transforms used in practice and hold for both $\ell_0$-norm bounded noise and $\ell_2$-norm bounded noise. In the case of $\ell_0$-norm bounded noise, we prove recovery guarantees for Iterative Hard Thresholding (IHT) and Basis Pursuit (BP). For the case of $\ell_2$-norm bounded noise, we provide recovery guarantees for BP. These guarantees theoretically bolster the defense framework introduced in [1] for defending neural networks against adversarial inputs. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate this defense framework using both IHT and BP against the One Pixel Attack [21], Carlini-Wagner $\ell_0$ and $\ell_2$ attacks [3], Jacobian Saliency Based attack [18], and the DeepFool attack [17] on CIFAR-10 [12], MNIST [13], and Fashion-MNIST [27] datasets. This expands beyond the experimental demonstrations of [1].

A latent function decomposition method is proposed for forecasting the capacity of lithium-ion battery cells. The method uses the Multi-Output Gaussian Process, a generative machine learning framework for multi-task and transfer learning. The MCGP decomposes the available capacity trends from multiple battery cells into latent functions. The latent functions are then convolved over kernel smoothers to reconstruct and/or forecast capacity trends of the battery cells. Besides the high prediction accuracy the proposed method possesses, it provides uncertainty information for the predictions and captures nontrivial cross-correlations between capacity trends of different battery cells. These two merits make the proposed MCGP a very reliable and practical solution for applications that use battery cell packs. The MCGP is derived and compared to benchmark methods on an experimental lithium-ion battery cells data. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

LOS ALAMOS, N.M., July 18, 2019--Three teams who applied novel machine learning methods to successfully predict the timing of earthquakes from historic seismic data are splitting $50,000 in prize money from an open, online Kaggle competition hosted by Los Alamos National Laboratory and its partners. "Crowdsourcing for new approaches in earthquake forecasting helps us leverage a wide range of expertise in addressing one of the most important problems in Earth science, because of the devastating consequences of large quakes," said Bertrand Rouet-Leduc, a Los Alamos researcher who prepared the data for the competition. "The winning teams' results could have the potential to improve earthquake hazard assessments that could save lives and billions of dollars in infrastructure." Current scientific studies related to earthquake forecasting focus on three key points: when the event will occur, where it will occur, and how large it will be. The Kaggle competition provided a challenging dataset that was based on previously published laboratory analysis, to give the competitors a taxing project to explore.

More than half of the world's active volcanoes are not monitored instrumentally. Hence, even very serious eruptions occur with no warning for nearby populations of the upcoming disaster. As a first and early step toward a volcano early warning system, a research project headed by Sébastien Valade from the Technical University of Berlin (TU Berlin) and the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam led to a new volcano monitoring platform that analyses satellite images using artificial intelligence (AI). Through tests with data from recent events, Valade and his colleagues demonstrated that their platform, Monitoring Unrest from Space (MOUNTS) can integrate multiple sets of diverse types of data for a comprehensive monitoring of volcanoes. The team's results were published in the journal Remote Sensing.

On 11 December 2017, at the One Planet Summit in Paris, Microsoft announced our $50m, five-year commitment to using AI to improve sustainability, known as AI for Earth. In the past year, the program has grown to support 233 grantees doing work with impact in more than 50 countries and all seven continents. We have also seen the science, from the IPCC and others, that indicate progress is still too slow and uneven to achieve a 2-degree future agreed to in the Paris Accord. Below, you'll see our vision for the program and in following pieces, you'll see how we're continuing to accelerate our efforts. On the two-year anniversary of the Paris climate accord, the world's political, civic and business leaders came together in Paris to discuss one of the most important issues and opportunities of our time: climate change.

Machine learning recently has been used to identify the governing equations for dynamics in physical systems. The promising results from applications on systems such as fluid dynamics and chemical kinetics inspire further investigation of these methods on complex engineered systems. Dynamics of these systems play a crucial role in design and operations. Hence, it would be advantageous to learn about the mechanisms that may be driving the complex dynamics of systems. In this work, our research question was aimed at addressing this open question about applicability and usefulness of novel machine learning approach in identifying the governing dynamical equations for engineered systems. We focused on distillation column which is an ubiquitous unit operation in chemical engineering and demonstrates complex dynamics i.e. it's dynamics is a combination of heuristics and fundamental physical laws. We tested the method of Sparse Identification of Non-Linear Dynamics (SINDy) because of it's ability to produce white-box models with terms that can be used for physical interpretation of dynamics. Time series data for dynamics was generated from simulation of distillation column using ASPEN Dynamics. One promising result was reduction of number of equations for dynamic simulation from 1000s in ASPEN to only 13 - one for each state variable. Prediction accuracy was high on the test data from system within the perturbation range, however outside perturbation range equations did not perform well. In terms of physical law extraction, some terms were interpretable as related to Fick's law of diffusion (with concentration terms) and Henry's law (with ratio of concentration and pressure terms). While some terms were interpretable, we conclude that more research is needed on combining engineering systems with machine learning approach to improve understanding of governing laws for unknown dynamics.

Goonhilly Earth Station opened its new data center and launched a managed High Performance Computing (HPC) platform for Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) computing on demand. Goonhilly's goal is to create a U.K. hub for AI and ML services that acts as a marketplace and allows academia and enterprise to collaborate and share ideas. One of the first organizations in the U.K. to deploy a liquid immersion cooling system from Submer Technologies to mitigate the power demands of HPC, Goonhilly's platform is designed to meet the data-intensive needs of the automotive, life sciences and space/aerospace marketplaces. Additionally, its onsite array of solar panels can support the data center's full power requirements of 500 Kilowatts (KW). The new managed platform delivers high performance GPU-based compute and storage for decentralised and centralised AI and machine learning applications to meet the data-intensive needs of the automotive, life sciences and space/aerospace marketplaces.

Machine learning components commonly appear in larger decision-making pipelines; however, the model training process typically focuses only on a loss that measures accuracy between predicted values and ground truth values. Decision-focused learning explicitly integrates the downstream decision problem when training the predictive model, in order to optimize the quality of decisions induced by the predictions. It has been successfully applied to several limited combinatorial problem classes, such as those that can be expressed as linear programs (LP), and submodular optimization. However, these previous applications have uniformly focused on problems from specific classes with simple constraints. Here, we enable decision-focused learning for the broad class of problems that can be encoded as a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MIP), hence supporting arbitrary linear constraints over discrete and continuous variables. We show how to differentiate through a MIP by employing a cutting planes solution approach, which is an exact algorithm that iteratively adds constraints to a continuous relaxation of the problem until an integral solution is found. We evaluate our new end-to-end approach on several real world domains and show that it outperforms the standard two phase approaches that treat prediction and prescription separately, as well as a baseline approach of simply applying decision-focused learning to the LP relaxation of the MIP.