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Machine Learning for Survival Analysis: A Survey

arXiv.org Machine Learning

Accurately predicting the time of occurrence of an event of interest is a critical problem in longitudinal data analysis. One of the main challenges in this context is the presence of instances whose event outcomes become unobservable after a certain time point or when some instances do not experience any event during the monitoring period. Such a phenomenon is called censoring which can be effectively handled using survival analysis techniques. Traditionally, statistical approaches have been widely developed in the literature to overcome this censoring issue. In addition, many machine learning algorithms are adapted to effectively handle survival data and tackle other challenging problems that arise in real-world data. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive and structured review of the representative statistical methods along with the machine learning techniques used in survival analysis and provide a detailed taxonomy of the existing methods. We also discuss several topics that are closely related to survival analysis and illustrate several successful applications in various real-world application domains. We hope that this paper will provide a more thorough understanding of the recent advances in survival analysis and offer some guidelines on applying these approaches to solve new problems that arise in applications with censored data.


Particle Swarm Optimization for Generating Interpretable Fuzzy Reinforcement Learning Policies

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Fuzzy controllers are efficient and interpretable system controllers for continuous state and action spaces. To date, such controllers have been constructed manually or trained automatically either using expert-generated problem-specific cost functions or incorporating detailed knowledge about the optimal control strategy. Both requirements for automatic training processes are not found in most real-world reinforcement learning (RL) problems. In such applications, online learning is often prohibited for safety reasons because online learning requires exploration of the problem's dynamics during policy training. We introduce a fuzzy particle swarm reinforcement learning (FPSRL) approach that can construct fuzzy RL policies solely by training parameters on world models that simulate real system dynamics. These world models are created by employing an autonomous machine learning technique that uses previously generated transition samples of a real system. To the best of our knowledge, this approach is the first to relate self-organizing fuzzy controllers to model-based batch RL. Therefore, FPSRL is intended to solve problems in domains where online learning is prohibited, system dynamics are relatively easy to model from previously generated default policy transition samples, and it is expected that a relatively easily interpretable control policy exists. The efficiency of the proposed approach with problems from such domains is demonstrated using three standard RL benchmarks, i.e., mountain car, cart-pole balancing, and cart-pole swing-up. Our experimental results demonstrate high-performing, interpretable fuzzy policies.


Ed-volve or Ed-perish: The Science That Will Deliver the Future

#artificialintelligence

It's not news that the evolution of education technologies and models of transformed learning are moving at the speed of sound. "Machine Learning", (The Economist, July 22-28, 2017) jolted me into the certainty that--regardless of educators' embracing and meaningfully engaging technologies--the ecosystem will successfully evolve without them. This is about using new software to alter how learners and teachers best use their time. It is not about infusing technology into the usual way that schools do business. Artificial intelligence (AI) is helping design new ways of education: specifically, having machines learn about the student by analyzing data unleashed in the learning process.


Machine Learning Foundations: A Case Study Approach Coursera

@machinelearnbot

About this course: Do you have data and wonder what it can tell you? Do you need a deeper understanding of the core ways in which machine learning can improve your business? Do you want to be able to converse with specialists about anything from regression and classification to deep learning and recommender systems? In this course, you will get hands-on experience with machine learning from a series of practical case-studies. At the end of the first course you will have studied how to predict house prices based on house-level features, analyze sentiment from user reviews, retrieve documents of interest, recommend products, and search for images.


Practical Predictive Analytics: Models and Methods Coursera

@machinelearnbot

About this course: Statistical experiment design and analytics are at the heart of data science. In this course you will design statistical experiments and analyze the results using modern methods. You will also explore the common pitfalls in interpreting statistical arguments, especially those associated with big data. Collectively, this course will help you internalize a core set of practical and effective machine learning methods and concepts, and apply them to solve some real world problems. Learning Goals: After completing this course, you will be able to: 1. Design effective experiments and analyze the results 2. Use resampling methods to make clear and bulletproof statistical arguments without invoking esoteric notation 3. Explain and apply a core set of classification methods of increasing complexity (rules, trees, random forests), and associated optimization methods (gradient descent and variants) 4. Explain and apply a set of unsupervised learning concepts and methods 5. Describe the common idioms of large-scale graph analytics, including structural query, traversals and recursive queries, PageRank, and community detection


Thoughts after taking the Deeplearning.ai courses – Towards Data Science – Medium

@machinelearnbot

DL practitioners and ML engineers typically spend most days working at an abstract Keras or TensorFlow level. But it's nice to take a break once in a while to get down to the nuts and bolts of learning algorithms and actually do back-propagation by hand. It is both fun and incredibly useful! Andrew Ng's new adventure is a bottom-up approach to teaching neural networks -- powerful non-linearity learning algorithms, at a beginner-mid level. In classic Ng style, the course is delivered through a carefully chosen curriculum, neatly timed videos and precisely positioned information nuggets.


How artificial intelligence could put an end to prisons as we know them

#artificialintelligence

Dan Hunter is a prison guard's worst nightmare. But he's not a hardened crim. As dean of Swinburne University's Law School, he's working to have most wardens replaced by a system of advanced artificial intelligence connected to a network of high-tech sensors. Called the Technological Incarceration Project, the idea is to make not so much an internet of things as an internet of incarceration. Professor Hunter's team is researching an advanced form of home detention, using artificial intelligence, machine-learning algorithms and lightweight electronic sensors to monitor convicted offenders on a 24-hour basis.


Deep Learning Course TensorFlow Course AI Training Edureka

@machinelearnbot

Towards the end of the course, you will be working on a live project. We will emphasize on the concepts learned in the various modules through different case studies.


Crowdsourcing may have just helped close the "analogy gap" for computers ZDNet

@machinelearnbot

To paraphrase Arthur Schopenhauer, genius is seeing what everyone else sees and thinking what no one else has thought. Put another way, genius is breaking down the usual silos that isolate ideas and knowledge into specific fields and purviews. Thanks to work about to be presented by researchers at Carnegie Mellon University's School of Computer Science and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, it may soon apply to AI. The researchers have just given computers the capacity to mine patent databases and other research records in order to repurpose old ideas to solve new problems. To do it, they had to devise a method to teach computers to make analogies.


Why Education Is the Hardest Sector of the Economy to Automate

#artificialintelligence

We've all heard the warning cries: automation will disrupt entire industries and put millions of people out of jobs. In fact, up to 45 percent of existing jobs can be automated using current technology. However, this may not necessarily apply to the education sector. After a detailed analysis of more than 2,000-plus work activities for more than 800 occupations, a report by McKinsey & Co states that of all the sectors examined, "…the technical feasibility of automation is lowest in education." There is no doubt that technological trends will have a powerful impact on global education, both by improving the overall learning experience and by increasing global access to education.