This article introduces the challenge of digital preservation in the area of engineering design and manufacturing and presents a methodology to apply knowledge representation and semantic techniques to develop digital engineering archives. This work is part of an ongoing, multiuniversity effort to create cyber infrastructure-based engineering repositories for undergraduates (CIBER-U) to support engineering design education. The technical approach is to use knowledge representation techniques to create formal models of engineering data elements, work flows, and processes. With these techniques formal engineering knowledge and processes can be captured and preserved with some guarantee of long-term interpretability. The article presents examples of how the techniques can be used to encode specific engineering information packages and work flows.

Editor The article "IJCAI Policy on Multiple Publication of Papers," by Alan Bundy in the Spring 1989 issue, misses one of the most important functions of IJCAI (or any other conference for that matter): The opportunity to present research to a wide audience of one's peers in person. No journal article can wholly replace the valuable give-and-take discussions that occur after a paper session. The proposed policy would deny this opportunity to researchers who have successfully published their results in a journal. Should AI researchers delay journal submissions until portions of their papers have been accepted by IJCAI or other major AI conferences? Given the vicissitudes of peer review in a methodologicallydivided field, the proposed policy seems like an excellent way to prevent dissemination of recent results Also, as much as the AI community might regard the IJCAI proceedings as an archival publication, the same thing can hardly be said of university tenure and promotion review committees, which in general prefer refereed journal articles over conference papers of whatever kind.

In his new book Alternate Realities: Mathematical Models of Nature and Man (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1989, 493 pages, $34.95), John L. Casti gives us an impressive, up-todate look at several areas of mathematics that are being applied to the study of biological and sociological systems. These areas, including cellular automata theory, catastrophe theory, nonlinear dynamics and chaos, game theory, and control theory, are finding use on the frontiers of scientific research. Although these areas and their applications are described in various other sources, both on the level of a scientist and a layperson, I know of no other book that brings them all together to show how they can be used in scientific research. However, this book suffers from being written for mathematical specialists and, therefore, limits the potential readership. An opportunity to educate more scientists in the use of mathematical models is regrettably missed.

The chapters in this book examine the state of today's agent technology and point the way toward the exciting developments of the next millennium. Contributors include Donald A. Norman, Nicholas Negroponte, Brenda Laurel, Thomas Erickson, Ben Shneiderman, Thomas W. Malone, Pattie Maes, David C. Smith, Gene Ball, Guy A. Boy, Doug Riecken, Yoav Shoham, Tim Finin, Michael R. Genesereth, Craig A. Knoblock, Philip R. Cohen, Hector J. Levesque, and James E. White, among others. Held at San Francisco's W Hotel, the conference included work from researchers and practitioners who are developing novel user interface and interaction paradigms that incorporate advanced reasoning and modeling techniques. In the past few years, user interfaces have faced increasingly challenging tasks, larger numbers of users with a wide range of computer skills, and the widespread use of new platforms such as mobile devices. These trends have led to a need for advanced techniques for communication and collaboration, personalization and adaptation of behavior, agent-based assistance, integrated multimodal interfaces, and a variety of intelligent front ends for complex environments and tasks.

Alan Turing's decades-old question still influences artificial intelligence because of the simple test he proposed in his article in Mind. In this article, AI Magazine collects presentations about the first round of the classic Turing Test of machine intelligence, held November 8, 1991 at The Computer Museum, Boston. Robert Epstein, Director Emeritus, Cambridge Center for Behavioral Studies, and an adjunct professor of psychology, Boston University, University of Massachusetts (Amherst), and University of California (San Diego) summarizes some of the difficult issues during the planning of this first real-time competition, and describes the event. Presented in tandem with Dr. Epstein's article is the actual transcript of session that won the Loebner Prize Competition--Joseph Weintraub's computer program PC Therapist. In 1985 an old friend, Hugh Loebner, told me excitedly that the Turing Test should be made into an annual contest.

The RoboCupJunior division of RoboCup is now entering its third year of international participation and is growing rapidly in size and popularity. This article first outlines the history of the junior league since it was first demonstrated in Paris at RoboCup-1998 and describes how it has evolved into the international sensation it is today. Although the popularity of the event is self-evident, we are working to identify and quantify the educational benefits of the initiative. The remainder of the article focuses on describing our efforts to encapsulate these qualities, highlighting results from a pilot study conducted at RoboCupJunior-2000 and presenting new data from a subsequent study of RoboCupJunior-2001. In 1998, Lund and Pagliarini demonstrated the idea of a children's league for RoboCup, using robots constructed and programmed with the Lego Mindstorms kit that could play soccer (Land and Pagliarini 1998).

The Fifth International Conference on Genetic Algorithms was held at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign from 17-21 July 1993. Approximately 350 participants attended the multitrack conference, which covered a wide range of topics, including genetic operators, mathematical analysis of genetic algorithms, parallel genetic algorithms, classifier systems, and genetic programming. This article highlights the major themes of the conference by discussing a few papers in detail. The conference was organized by Stephanie Forrest (University of New Mexico, conference cochair and editor of the proceedings), David Goldberg (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, conference cochair and local arrangements chair), and J. David Schaffer (Philips Laboratories, New York, conference cochair). Of the 240 papers submitted to the conference, 82 were accepted for oral presentation, and 37 were accepted for poster presentation.

My mom doesn't believe in the impossible. A Chinese immigrant and physics teacher, she arrived in the US with big dreams and limited English. During her first six months in the country, she would visit English-speaking friends to help her write checks--and when she got tired of that, she enrolled in an English class from 7 to 9 a.m. Today, she owns two thriving businesses with my dad. Cai Gao (@heycai_) is a fullstack software engineer at One Door, where she develops cloud-based merchandising software.

The Second International Workshop on User Modeling was held March 30-April 1, 1990 in Honolulu, Hawaii. The general chairperson was Dr. Wolfgang Wahlster of the University of Saarbrucken; the program and local arrangements chairperson was Dr. David Chin of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. The workshop was sponsored by AAAI and the University of Hawaii, with AAAI providing eight travel stipends for students. An excellent response to the call for papers and participants resulted in 46 high quality submissions, of which 24 were selected for presentation and discussion led by invited commentators. Whereas the first user modeling workshop, held in Maria Laach, West Germany in 1986, focused on user modeling in natural language dialogue systems, the 1990 workshop covered a broader range of topics, including user modeling in tutoring systems and psychological foundations of user modeling.

The American Association for Artificial Intelligence, in cooperation with Stanford University's Department of Computer Science, presented the 2004 Spring Symposium Series, Monday through Wednesday, March 22-24, at Stanford University. The titles of the eight symposia were (1) Accessible Hands-on Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Education; (2) Architectures for Modeling Emotion: Cross-Disciplinary Foundations; (3) Bridging the Multiagent and Multirobotic Research Gap; (4) Exploring Attitude and Affect in Text: Theories and Applications; (5) Interaction between Humans and Autonomous Systems over Extended Operation; (6) Knowledge Representation and Ontologies for Autonomous Systems; (7) Language Learning: An Interdisciplinary Perspective; and (8) Semantic Web Services. Each symposium had limited attendance. Most symposia chairs elected to create AAAI technical reports of their symposium, which are available as paperbound reports or (for AAAI members) are downloadable on the AAAI members-only Web site. This report includes summaries of the eight symposia, written by the symposia chairs.