Multiple-choice machine reading comprehension is difficult task as its required machines to select the correct option from a set of candidate or possible options using the given passage and question.Reading Comprehension with Multiple Choice Questions task,required a human (or machine) to read a given passage, question pair and select the best one option from n given options. There are two different ways to select the correct answer from the given passage. Either by selecting the best match answer to by eliminating the worst match answer. Here we proposed GenNet model, a neural network-based model. In this model first we will generate the answer of the question from the passage and then will matched the generated answer with given answer, the best matched option will be our answer. For answer generation we used S-net (Tan et al., 2017) model trained on SQuAD and to evaluate our model we used Large-scale RACE (ReAding Comprehension Dataset From Examinations) (Lai et al.,2017).

"A chemical reaction is a highly complex system," explains Frederik Sandfort, PhD student at the Institute of Organic Chemistry and one of the lead authors of the publication. "In contrast to the prediction of properties of individual compounds, a reaction is the interaction of many molecules and thus a multidimensional problem," he adds. Moreover, there are no clearly defined "rules of the game" which, as in the case of modern chess computers, simplify the development of AI models. For this reason, previous approaches to accurately predicting reaction results such as yields or products are mostly based on a previously gained understanding of molecular properties. "The development of such models involves a great deal of effort. Moreover, the majority of them are highly specialized and cannot be transferred to other problems," Frederik Sandfort adds.

Machine learning problems can generally be divided into three types. Classification and regression, which are known as supervised learning, and unsupervised learning which in the context of machine learning applications often refers to clustering. Machine learning problems can generally be divided into three types. Classification and regression, which are known as supervised learning, and unsupervised learning which in the context of machine learning applications often refers to clustering. In the following article, I am going to give a brief introduction to each of these three problems and will include a walkthrough in the popular python library scikit-learn.

The demand for people with knowledge and skills in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) hugely outstrips the supply. This means that learning and gaining qualifications in these subjects can be a great way to enhance your career prospects. However, not everyone has the spare time and money to spend years studying for a degree or other formal qualifications. Today, with the wealth of freely available educational content online, it may not be necessary. There are so many courses, tutorials, and guides available online that it is perfectly possible to gain a thorough grounding in these subjects without paying a penny.

Enrico Bonadio is Reader at The City Law School, where he teaches various modules on intellectual property (IP) law. He holds law degrees from the University of Florence (PHD) and the University of Pisa (LLB), and is Associate Editor and Intellectual Property Correspondent of the European Journal of Risk Regulation as well as a member of the Editorial Board of NUART Journal. Enrico is also researching on IP protection of AI and robotics: he is part of a consortium that has been awarded funding by the EU as part of Horizon2020 to assess the area of interactive robots in society (INBOTS project). He also recently authored a report on Standard Essential Patents and the Internet of Things (commissioned by the European Parliament). Enrico has been awarded grant funding for other projects, including substantial grants from the ESRC, HEIF, the UK Global Challenges Research Fund and the Australian Research Council.

Data Science has many facets under itself and fosters many disciplines under its umbrella. The field incorporates scientific methods, processes, algorithms and systems to derive knowledge and insights from data, presented in many forms representing in both structured and unstructured forms. Data Science is a field of the future with many tricks up its sleeve. Some even go on to say that it is the integration of the concepts in statistics, data analysis and machine learning. It applies the techniques and theories extracted from many subjects like mathematics, statistics, information science and computer science.

In this paper, we present new results on the fair and efficient allocation of indivisible goods to agents that have monotone, submodular, non-additive valuation functions over bundles. Despite their simple structure, these agent valuations are a natural model for several real-world domains. We show that, if such a valuation function has binary marginal gains, a socially optimal (i.e. utilitarian social welfare-maximizing) allocation that achieves envy-freeness up to one item (EF1) exists and is computationally tractable. We also prove that the Nash welfare-maximizing and the leximin allocations both exhibit this fairness-efficiency combination, by showing that they can be achieved by minimizing any symmetric strictly convex function over utilitarian optimal outcomes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first valuation function class not subsumed by additive valuations for which it has been established that an allocation maximizing Nash welfare is EF1. Moreover, for a subclass of these valuation functions based on maximum (unweighted) bipartite matching, we show that a leximin allocation can be computed in polynomial time.

In the active research area of employing embedding models for knowledge graph completion, particularly for the task of link prediction, most prior studies used two benchmark datasets FB15k and WN18 in evaluating such models. Most triples in these and other datasets in such studies belong to reverse and duplicate relations which exhibit high data redundancy due to semantic duplication, correlation or data incompleteness. This is a case of excessive data leakage---a model is trained using features that otherwise would not be available when the model needs to be applied for real prediction. There are also Cartesian product relations for which every triple formed by the Cartesian product of applicable subjects and objects is a true fact. Link prediction on the aforementioned relations is easy and can be achieved with even better accuracy using straightforward rules instead of sophisticated embedding models. A more fundamental defect of these models is that the link prediction scenario, given such data, is non-existent in the real-world. This paper is the first systematic study with the main objective of assessing the true effectiveness of embedding models when the unrealistic triples are removed. Our experiment results show these models are much less accurate than what we used to perceive. Their poor accuracy renders link prediction a task without truly effective automated solution. Hence, we call for re-investigation of possible effective approaches.

In a real-world setting, object instances from new classes may be continuously encountered by object detectors. When existing object detectors are applied to such scenarios, their performance on old classes deteriorates significantly. A few efforts have been reported to address this limitation, all of which apply variants of knowledge distillation to avoid catastrophic forgetting. We note that although distillation helps to retain previous learning, it obstructs fast adaptability to new tasks, which is a critical requirement for incremental learning. In this pursuit, we propose a meta-learning approach that learns to reshape model gradients, such that information across incremental tasks is optimally shared. This ensures a seamless information transfer via a meta-learned gradient preconditioning that minimizes forgetting and maximizes knowledge transfer. In comparison to existing meta-learning methods, our approach is task-agnostic, allows incremental addition of new-classes and scales to large-sized models for object detection. We evaluate our approach on a variety of incremental settings defined on PASCAL-VOC and MS COCO datasets, demonstrating significant improvements over state-of-the-art.

Many machine learning problems consider data where each instance is, itself, an unordered set of elements; i.e., such that each observation is a set. Data of this kind arises in a variety of applications, ranging from document modeling (Blei et al., 2003; Garnelo et al., 2018a) and multi-task learning (Zaheer et al., 2017; Edwards & Storkey, 2016; Liu et al., 2019) to 3D point cloud modeling (Li et al., 2018; Yang et al., 2019). In unsupervised settings, a dataset typically consists of a set of such sets, while in supervised learning, it consists of a set of (set, label) pairs. Modeling a distribution over a space of instances, where each instance is, itself, an unordered set of elements involves two key considerations: (1) the elements within a single instance are exchangeable, i.e., the elements are order invariant; and (2) the cardinalities of the instances (sets) vary, i.e., instances need not exhibit the same cardinality. Modeling both unconditional and conditional distributions over instances (sets) are relevant to consider, since these support unsupervised and supervised tasks respectively. For unconditional distribution modeling, there has been significant prior work on modeling set distributions, which has sought to balance competing needs to expand model flexibility and preserve tractability on the one hand, with respecting exchangeability and varying instance cardinalities on the other hand. However, managing these tradeoffs has proved to be quite difficult, and current approaches remain limited in different respects. For example, a particularly straightforward strategy for modeling distributions over instances x {x 1,..., x n } without assuming fixed cardinality is simply to use a recurrent neural network (RNNs) to encode instance probability auto-regressively via p (x) n