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AP-State-Skill-Development-Corporation/Machine-Learning-Using-Python-MB7

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This repository consists of all the files, resources, and recorded session links which are discussed during Machine Learning using Python Online Training.


Student party prompts Marblehead High School to suspend in-person learning

Boston Herald

Marblehead High School will return to all-remote learning for at least two weeks after police broke up a "large" student party over the weekend where revelers were gathered "without social distancing or face coverings, sharing drinks," school officials said. "In choosing to ignore the rules set down by the Governor and our community in the pandemic, however, we are not just endangering individuals… we are also potentially harming the community at large," Superintendent John J. Buckey wrote in a letter to families. Many students "scattered" when police responded to break up the party on Friday, making it impossible to identify and quarantine individuals involved, Buckey said. Buckey pointed to a "troubling pattern of behavior in play" in Marblehead and other school districts and said the Friday party was not a singular event. "We all know this is not a new thing for teenagers. However, these are not ordinary times," Buckey said in the letter.


Introduction to AI & Machine Learning

#artificialintelligence

Way2AI is a group of enthusiasts and specialists in AI & Machine Learning, created by Long Nguyen, PhD in AI (France), aiming at teaching people learning about this emerging technology. AI is really changing the world! Almost every domain can benefit from the power of AI, from business, healthcare, to transport, entertainment, and military etc. There are more and more investments in AI but the domain still lacks of qualified employees. Therefore we really hope that our contribution can help many people find a fast and easy way in approaching AI.


Linear Regression and Logistic Regression using R Studio

#artificialintelligence

In this section we will learn - What does Machine Learning mean. What are the meanings or different terms associated with machine learning? You will see some examples so that you understand what machine learning actually is. It also contains steps involved in building a machine learning model, not just linear models, any machine learning model.


Unreal Engine C++ Developer: Learn C++ and Make Video Games

#artificialintelligence

Unreal Engine C Developer: Learn C and Make Video Games, Created in collaboration with Epic Games. BESTSELLER, 4.6 (37,412 ratings), Created by Ben Tristem, GameDev.tv by Ben Tristem, Michael Bridges, English [Auto-generated], Italian [Auto-generated], 3 more How to use the Unreal Engine 4 Editor. Object Oriented Programming and how to put it into practice. Sound effects and audio to add depth to your games. Unreal's Terrain Editor to create epic landscapes.


The Amazing Ways Duolingo Is Using Artificial Intelligence To Deliver Free Language Learning

#artificialintelligence

It's a challenge to learn a new language, especially once we're past 18 years old. But Duolingo, self-proclaimed as "the world's best way to learn a language" and seconded by reviewers at the Wall Street Journal and the New York Times, is set to change that with an assist from artificial intelligence (AI). Duolingo launched in 2011, and through a powerful mix of personalized learning, immediate feedback and gamification/rewards, it has become one of the most downloaded educational apps today. Let's take a look at how artificial intelligence helps the company deliver personalized language lessons to its 300 million users. Founded in Pittsburgh by Carnegie Mellon University computer scientist Luis von Ahn, who is renowned for creating CAPTCHA, Duolingo's mission is to "make education free and accessible to everyone in the world."


ExplanationLP: Abductive Reasoning for Explainable Science Question Answering

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

We propose a novel approach for answering and explaining multiple-choice science questions by reasoning on grounding and abstract inference chains. This paper frames question answering as an abductive reasoning problem, constructing plausible explanations for each choice and then selecting the candidate with the best explanation as the final answer. Our system, ExplanationLP, elicits explanations by constructing a weighted graph of relevant facts for each candidate answer and extracting the facts that satisfy certain structural and semantic constraints. To extract the explanations, we employ a linear programming formalism designed to select the optimal subgraph. The graphs' weighting function is composed of a set of parameters, which we fine-tune to optimize answer selection performance. We carry out our experiments on the WorldTree and ARC-Challenge corpus to empirically demonstrate the following conclusions: (1) Grounding-Abstract inference chains provides the semantic control to perform explainable abductive reasoning (2) Efficiency and robustness in learning with a fewer number of parameters by outperforming contemporary explainable and transformer-based approaches in a similar setting (3) Generalisability by outperforming SOTA explainable approaches on general science question sets.


Regularizing Towards Permutation Invariance in Recurrent Models

arXiv.org Machine Learning

In many machine learning problems the output should not depend on the order of the input. Such "permutation invariant" functions have been studied extensively recently. Here we argue that temporal architectures such as RNNs are highly relevant for such problems, despite the inherent dependence of RNNs on order. We show that RNNs can be regularized towards permutation invariance, and that this can result in compact models, as compared to non-recurrent architectures. We implement this idea via a novel form of stochastic regularization. Existing solutions mostly suggest restricting the learning problem to hypothesis classes which are permutation invariant by design. Our approach of enforcing permutation invariance via regularization gives rise to models which are \textit{semi permutation invariant} (e.g. invariant to some permutations and not to others). We show that our method outperforms other permutation invariant approaches on synthetic and real world datasets.


Average-case Complexity of Teaching Convex Polytopes via Halfspace Queries

arXiv.org Machine Learning

We examine the task of locating a target region among those induced by intersections of $n$ halfspaces in $\mathbb{R}^d$. This generic task connects to fundamental machine learning problems, such as training a perceptron and learning a $\phi$-separable dichotomy. We investigate the average teaching complexity of the task, i.e., the minimal number of samples (halfspace queries) required by a teacher to help a version-space learner in locating a randomly selected target. As our main result, we show that the average-case teaching complexity is $\Theta(d)$, which is in sharp contrast to the worst-case teaching complexity of $\Theta(n)$. If instead, we consider the average-case learning complexity, the bounds have a dependency on $n$ as $\Theta(n)$ for \tt{i.i.d.} queries and $\Theta(d \log(n))$ for actively chosen queries by the learner. Our proof techniques are based on novel insights from computational geometry, which allow us to count the number of convex polytopes and faces in a Euclidean space depending on the arrangement of halfspaces. Our insights allow us to establish a tight bound on the average-case complexity for $\phi$-separable dichotomies, which generalizes the known $\mathcal{O}(d)$ bound on the average number of "extreme patterns" in the classical computational geometry literature (Cover, 1965).


Simple and Principled Uncertainty Estimation with Deterministic Deep Learning via Distance Awareness

arXiv.org Machine Learning

Bayesian neural networks (BNN) and deep ensembles are principled approaches to estimate the predictive uncertainty of a deep learning model. However their practicality in real-time, industrial-scale applications are limited due to their heavy memory and inference cost. This motivates us to study principled approaches to high-quality uncertainty estimation that require only a single deep neural network (DNN). By formalizing the uncertainty quantification as a minimax learning problem, we first identify input distance awareness, i.e., the model's ability to quantify the distance of a testing example from the training data in the input space, as a necessary condition for a DNN to achieve high-quality (i.e., minimax optimal) uncertainty estimation. We then propose Spectral-normalized Neural Gaussian Process (SNGP), a simple method that improves the distance-awareness ability of modern DNNs, by adding a weight normalization step during training and replacing the output layer with a Gaussian process. On a suite of vision and language understanding tasks and on modern architectures (Wide-ResNet and BERT), SNGP is competitive with deep ensembles in prediction, calibration and out-of-domain detection, and outperforms the other single-model approaches.