Education
Generating Correct Answers for Progressive Matrices Intelligence Tests
Pekar, Niv, Benny, Yaniv, Wolf, Lior
Raven's Progressive Matrices are multiple-choice intelligence tests, where one tries to complete the missing location in a $3\times 3$ grid of abstract images. Previous attempts to address this test have focused solely on selecting the right answer out of the multiple choices. In this work, we focus, instead, on generating a correct answer given the grid, without seeing the choices, which is a harder task, by definition. The proposed neural model combines multiple advances in generative models, including employing multiple pathways through the same network, using the reparameterization trick along two pathways to make their encoding compatible, a dynamic application of variational losses, and a complex perceptual loss that is coupled with a selective backpropagation procedure. Our algorithm is able not only to generate a set of plausible answers, but also to be competitive to the state of the art methods in multiple-choice tests.
Improving Cyberbully Detection with User Interaction
Ge, Suyu, Cheng, Lu, Liu, Huan
Cyberbullying, identified as intended and repeated online bullying behavior, has become increasingly prevalent in the past few decades. Despite the significant progress made thus far, the focus of most existing work on cyberbullying detection lies in the independent content analysis of different comments within a social media session. We argue that such leading notions of analysis suffer from three key limitations: they overlook the temporal correlations among different comments; they only consider the content within a single comment rather than the topic coherence across comments; they remain generic and exploit limited interactions between social media users. In this work, we observe that user comments in the same session may be inherently related, e.g., discussing similar topics, and their interaction may evolve over time. We also show that modeling such topic coherence and temporal interaction are critical to capture the repetitive characteristics of bullying behavior, thus leading to better predicting performance. To achieve the goal, we first construct a unified temporal graph for each social media session. Drawing on recent advances in graph neural network, we then propose a principled approach for modeling the temporal dynamics and topic coherence throughout user interactions. We empirically evaluate the effectiveness of our approach with the tasks of session-level bullying detection and comment-level case study.
A Parallel Approach for Real-Time Face Recognition from a Large Database
Ranjan, Ashish, Behera, Varun Nagesh Jolly, Reza, Motahar
We present a new facial recognition system, capable of identifying a person, provided their likeness has been previously stored in the system, in real time. The system is based on storing and comparing facial embeddings of the subject, and identifying them later within a live video feed. This system is highly accurate, and is able to tag people with their ID in real time. It is able to do so, even when using a database containing thousands of facial embeddings, by using a parallelized searching technique. This makes the system quite fast and allows it to be highly scalable.
A Level-wise Taxonomic Perspective on Automated Machine Learning to Date and Beyond: Challenges and Opportunities
Santu, Shubhra Kanti Karmaker, Hassan, Md. Mahadi, Smith, Micah J., Xu, Lei, Zhai, ChengXiang, Veeramachaneni, Kalyan
Automated machine learning (AutoML) is essentially automating the process of applying machine learning to real-world problems. The primary goals of AutoML tools are to provide methods and processes to make Machine Learning available for non-Machine Learning experts (domain experts), to improve efficiency of Machine Learning and to accelerate research on Machine Learning. Although automation and efficiency are some of AutoML's main selling points, the process still requires a surprising level of human involvement. A number of vital steps of the machine learning pipeline, including understanding the attributes of domain-specific data, defining prediction problems, creating a suitable training data set etc. still tend to be done manually by a data scientist on an ad-hoc basis. Often, this process requires a lot of back-and-forth between the data scientist and domain experts, making the whole process more difficult and inefficient. Altogether, AutoML systems are still far from a "real automatic system". In this review article, we present a level-wise taxonomic perspective on AutoML systems to-date and beyond, i.e., we introduce a new classification system with seven levels to distinguish AutoML systems based on their level of autonomy. We first start with a discussion on how an end-to-end Machine learning pipeline actually looks like and which sub-tasks of Machine learning Pipeline has indeed been automated so far. Next, we highlight the sub-tasks which are still done manually by a data-scientist in most cases and how that limits a domain expert's access to Machine learning. Then, we introduce the novel level-based taxonomy of AutoML systems and define each level according to their scope of automation support. Finally, we provide a road-map of future research endeavor in the area of AutoML and discuss some important challenges in achieving this ambitious goal.
Experience Grounds Language
Bisk, Yonatan, Holtzman, Ari, Thomason, Jesse, Andreas, Jacob, Bengio, Yoshua, Chai, Joyce, Lapata, Mirella, Lazaridou, Angeliki, May, Jonathan, Nisnevich, Aleksandr, Pinto, Nicolas, Turian, Joseph
Language understanding research is held back by a failure to relate language to the physical world it describes and to the social interactions it facilitates. Despite the incredible effectiveness of language processing models to tackle tasks after being trained on text alone, successful linguistic communication relies on a shared experience of the world. It is this shared experience that makes utterances meaningful. Natural language processing is a diverse field, and progress throughout its development has come from new representational theories, modeling techniques, data collection paradigms, and tasks. We posit that the present success of representation learning approaches trained on large, text-only corpora requires the parallel tradition of research on the broader physical and social context of language to address the deeper questions of communication.
Local gov'ts plan to use AI to rate seriousness of bullying cases
Nearly 30 local governments across Japan are planning to or interested in introducing an artificial intelligence system designed to assess the seriousness of school bullying cases in hopes of better responding to them, a source close to the matter said Thursday. Otsu city government, which came under fire for the way it handled a high-profile bullying case in 2011, has teamed up with information technology services provider Hitachi Systems Ltd, to develop the AI system, which predicts how serious a case of bullying has the potential to become based on an analysis of past cases. School bullying has long been a concern in Japan, with the education ministry data showing that elementary, junior and senior high as well as special-needs schools nationwide reported 612,496 cases in the year through March, up 68,563 from a year earlier. When a new case of bullying is reported, information on the incident, such as time, place and perpetrator, is fed into the system, which then searches its database to come up with an estimate of how serious the case is, expressed as a percentage. In all, about 50 pieces of data are used for analysis.
How to make sure your 'AI for good' project actually does good
Artificial intelligence has been front and center in recent months. The global pandemic has pushed governments and private companies worldwide to propose AI solutions for everything from analyzing cough sounds to deploying disinfecting robots in hospitals. These efforts are part of a wider trend that has been picking up momentum: the deployment of projects by companies, governments, universities, and research institutes aiming to use AI for societal good. The goal of most of these programs is to deploy cutting-edge AI technologies to solve critical issues such as poverty, hunger, crime, and climate change, under the "AI for good" umbrella. But what makes an AI project good?
Artificial Intelligence
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How I became a Software Developer during the pandemic without a degree or a bootcamp
In 2018 I was depressed and unmotivated, I thought of myself as a failure and I thought I was too dumb to finish my degree or learn anything at all, I had no direction in life and just wanted everything to be over. Two years later, one spent working abroad and another dedicated to studying, I have a completely different perspective about myself and I just started my new exciting developer job on Monday. It took a lot of courage (and argumentations to convince my parents) to leave my university after three years of studies to accept a job in a Lisbon without knowing anyone nor the language but it was a wonderful experience that helped me find myself. Again it took even more grit and determination to leave Lisbon and start studying again, but I did it because I knew my dream was to become a programmer. I have no expertise in psychology and the best advice I have if you are in a dark place is to seek professional help, but I know what it feels to be lost and I want to help anyone that shares my same dream by writing this article offering actionable advice on how to achieve a career in software development.