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Generalization in Multimodal Language Learning from Simulation

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Neural networks can be powerful function approximators, which are able to model high-dimensional feature distributions from a subset of examples drawn from the target distribution. Naturally, they perform well at generalizing within the limits of their target function, but they often fail to generalize outside of the explicitly learned feature space. It is therefore an open research topic whether and how neural network-based architectures can be deployed for systematic reasoning. Many studies have shown evidence for poor generalization, but they often work with abstract data or are limited to single-channel input. Humans, however, learn and interact through a combination of multiple sensory modalities, and rarely rely on just one. To investigate compositional generalization in a multimodal setting, we generate an extensible dataset with multimodal input sequences from simulation. We investigate the influence of the underlying training data distribution on compostional generalization in a minimal LSTM-based network trained in a supervised, time continuous setting. We find compositional generalization to fail in simple setups while improving with the number of objects, actions, and particularly with a lot of color overlaps between objects. Furthermore, multimodality strongly improves compositional generalization in settings where a pure vision model struggles to generalize.


Accelerating the Convergence of Human-in-the-Loop Reinforcement Learning with Counterfactual Explanations

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

The capability to interactively learn from human feedback would enable robots in new social settings. For example, novice users could train service robots in new tasks naturally and interactively. Human-in-the-loop Reinforcement Learning (HRL) addresses this issue by combining human feedback and reinforcement learning (RL) techniques. State-of-the-art interactive learning techniques suffer from slow convergence, thus leading to a frustrating experience for the human. This work approaches this problem by extending the existing TAMER Framework with the possibility to enhance human feedback with two different types of counterfactual explanations. We demonstrate our extensions' success in improving the convergence, especially in the crucial early phases of the training.


What is Artificial Intelligence? -- Suffixtree

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the field of computer science dedicated to solving cognitive problems commonly associated with human intelligence, such as learning, problem solving, and pattern recognition. Artificial Intelligence, often abbreviated as "AI", may connote robotics or futuristic scenes, AI goes well beyond the automatons of science fiction, into the non-fiction of modern day advanced computer science. Professor Pedro Domingos, a prominent researcher in this field, describes "five tribes" of machine learning, comprised of symbolists, with origins in logic and philosophy; connectionists, stemming from neuroscience; evolutionaries, relating to evolutionary biology; Bayesians, engaged with statistics and probability; and analogizers with origins in psychology. Recently, advances in the efficiency of statistical computation have led to Bayesians being successful at furthering the field in a number of areas, under the name "machine learning". Similarly, advances in network computation have led to connectionists furthering a subfield under the name "deep learning".


NSF Artificial Intelligence Grant

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Working together, the universities will form The Institute for Learning-enabled Optimization at Scale (TILOS). The five-year research partnership will focus on the optimization of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning. They will work closely with industry leaders to develop optimization tools that will enable real-world improvements in key industries, including chip design, robotics, and communications networks. National University faculty will work with TILOS partners in workforce development and education to update and create career-relevant courses and modules in AI aimed at the growing population of adult learners served by the San Diego-based nonprofit institution, including career professionals, members of the military community, and underserved students in STEM). "We are thrilled to be collaborating with such incredible institutions on an initiative that directly serves our greater mission as an organization to prepare students today for the jobs of tomorrow," said National University System Chancellor and Interim President of National University Dr. Michael R. Cunningham.


Levi-Strauss' Dr. Katia Walsh on why diversity in AI and ML is non-negotiable

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All the sessions from Transform 2021 are available on-demand now. As part of VentureBeat's series of interviews with women and BIPOC leaders in the AI industry, we sat down with Dr. Katia Walsh, chief strategy and artificial intelligence officer, Levi Strauss & Co. In her career she has forged paths for people from every intersection of race, culture, class, and education, giving them the tools they need in an AI- and data-centric world to be creative, solve problems, develop new solutions, and change the game in their roles across their companies. VB: Could you tell us about your background, and your current role at your company? I started my career as a journalist in communist Bulgaria, where I personally experienced the power of information through a story I wrote while still in high school.


6 Ways to Master Coding at Home - California News Times

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Remember, programming has its own jargon. For example, you will have to deal with such a concept as cycles no matter what language you use. Home programming education is now more affordable thanks to educational technology offering a wide range of courses and programs. During the pandemic, when people have more free time, these resources will help both novice and experienced programmers. The former will get acquainted with the basics of coding, and the latter will be able to hone their professional skills.


11 Best PyTorch Courses - (2021 Edition)

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PyTorch is a deep learning library developed by Facebook to develop machine learning models for NLP, Computer Vision and AI, to name a few. It was developed by Facebook's Artificial Intelligence Research Group and is used to run deep learning frameworks. PyTorch is an excellent framework for entering the actual machine learning and neural network building process. It is ideal for complex neural networks such as RNNNs, CNNs, LSTMs and neural networks that you want to design for a specific purpose. PyTorch is a very different kind of deep learning library (dynamic vs. static) that was adopted by many researchers if not most, and it's flexible approach and easy-to-understand style have won over newcomers and industry veterans alike.


Machine Learning & Deep Learning in Python & R

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In this section we will learn – What does Machine Learning mean. What are the meanings or different terms associated with machine learning? You will see some examples so that you understand what machine learning actually is. It also contains steps involved in building a machine learning model, not just linear models, any machine learning model.


25 Best Machine Learning Courses from World-Class Educators

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In this article, we'll examine the best machine learning courses offered by World-Leading Educators, and Instructors who are competent and highly qualified in the field of Machine Learning, Deep Learning, AI and more. Many people assume that Machine Learning is very hard and often detest to believing that even beginner level machine learning course won't be good for them because it doesn't fit to their tailored needs. Truth is that countless learners feel intimiated including those who have learned and are skilled in machine learning right now. Please keep in mind that, while it is important to master many mathematical concepts, it is also necessary to gain the Mathematical intuition while practicing Python or R for Machine Learning. So our aim is simple, help you find the Best Machine Learning Courses from this easy guide to learn the basic machine learning concepts to become prepared for advanced level courses.


Large-scale quantum machine learning

arXiv.org Machine Learning

Quantum computers promise to enhance machine learning for practical applications. Quantum machine learning for real-world data has to handle extensive amounts of high-dimensional data. However, conventional methods for measuring quantum kernels are impractical for large datasets as they scale with the square of the dataset size. Here, we measure quantum kernels using randomized measurements to gain a quadratic speedup in computation time and quickly process large datasets. Further, we efficiently encode high-dimensional data into quantum computers with the number of features scaling linearly with the circuit depth. The encoding is characterized by the quantum Fisher information metric and is related to the radial basis function kernel. We demonstrate the advantages and speedups of our methods by classifying images with the IBM quantum computer. Our approach is exceptionally robust to noise via a complementary error mitigation scheme. Using currently available quantum computers, the MNIST database can be processed within 220 hours instead of 10 years which opens up industrial applications of quantum machine learning.