Education
Top 10 Machine Learning Libraries for Python 2022
Today, I am talking about the top 10 Python libraries for machine learning (ML). Now, the rankings could be contentious, so I have ranked these libraries by'popularity' gauged by GitHub stars. Secondly, I have filtered the list to those that I can comment on based on my experience. And finally, I am omitting the likes of Pandas and Numpy, which are top data processing libraries that can be used for ML but are not strictly ML libraries. So let's get into it!
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Online Allocation and Learning in the Presence of Strategic Agents
Yin, Steven, Agrawal, Shipra, Zeevi, Assaf
We study the problem of allocating $T$ sequentially arriving items among $n$ homogeneous agents under the constraint that each agent must receive a pre-specified fraction of all items, with the objective of maximizing the agents' total valuation of items allocated to them. The agents' valuations for the item in each round are assumed to be i.i.d. but their distribution is a priori unknown to the central planner. Therefore, the central planner needs to implicitly learn these distributions from the observed values in order to pick a good allocation policy. However, an added challenge here is that the agents are strategic with incentives to misreport their valuations in order to receive better allocations. This sets our work apart both from the online auction design settings which typically assume known valuation distributions and/or involve payments, and from the online learning settings that do not consider strategic agents. To that end, our main contribution is an online learning based allocation mechanism that is approximately Bayesian incentive compatible, and when all agents are truthful, guarantees a sublinear regret for individual agents' utility compared to that under the optimal offline allocation policy.
AI and 6G into the Metaverse: Fundamentals, Challenges and Future Research Trends
Zawish, Muhammad, Dharejo, Fayaz Ali, Khowaja, Sunder Ali, Dev, Kapal, Davy, Steven, Qureshi, Nawab Muhammad Faseeh, Bellavista, Paolo
Since Facebook was renamed Meta, a lot of attention, debate, and exploration have intensified about what the Metaverse is, how it works, and the possible ways to exploit it. It is anticipated that Metaverse will be a continuum of rapidly emerging technologies, usecases, capabilities, and experiences that will make it up for the next evolution of the Internet. Several researchers have already surveyed the literature on artificial intelligence (AI) and wireless communications in realizing the Metaverse. However, due to the rapid emergence and continuous evolution of technologies, there is a need for a comprehensive and in-depth survey of the role of AI, 6G, and the nexus of both in realizing the immersive experiences of Metaverse. Therefore, in this survey, we first introduce the background and ongoing progress in augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), mixed reality (MR) and spatial computing, followed by the technical aspects of AI and 6G. Then, we survey the role of AI in the Metaverse by reviewing the state-of-the-art in deep learning, computer vision, and Edge AI to extract the requirements of 6G in Metaverse. Next, we investigate the promising services of B5G/6G towards Metaverse, followed by identifying the role of AI in 6G networks and 6G networks for AI in support of Metaverse applications, and the need for sustainability in Metaverse. Finally, we enlist the existing and potential applications, usecases, and projects to highlight the importance of progress in the Metaverse. Moreover, in order to provide potential research directions to researchers, we underline the challenges, research gaps, and lessons learned identified from the literature review of the aforementioned technologies.
An Application of Online Learning to Spacecraft Memory Dump Optimization
Cesari, Tommaso, Pergoli, Jonathan, Maestrini, Michele, Di Lizia, Pierluigi
With the fast-growing number of satellites orbiting Earth, the Space Operations field has become a prominent and thriving sector. As a consequence, the complexity of planning satellite operations is constantly increasing: Ground Stations have to handle communication with multiple satellites simultaneously while frequently engaged in Launch and Early Orbit Phase (LEOP) activities; Satellite Operators need to perform routine tasks and promptly react to contingencies while checking the status of the incoming and disseminated satellite's products. These actions are costly, require time, and are remarkably prone to human errors. Despite this, Satellite Operators still carry out many of these duties by relying on their technical expertise rather than leveraging modern machine learning tools. On the other hand, computers, hardware, and flight software are becoming more sophisticated with each passing day.
Efficiently Learning Single-Arm Fling Motions to Smooth Garments
Chen, Lawrence Yunliang, Huang, Huang, Novoseller, Ellen, Seita, Daniel, Ichnowski, Jeffrey, Laskey, Michael, Cheng, Richard, Kollar, Thomas, Goldberg, Ken
Recent work has shown that 2-arm "fling" motions can be effective for garment smoothing. We consider single-arm fling motions. Unlike 2-arm fling motions, which require little robot trajectory parameter tuning, single-arm fling motions are very sensitive to trajectory parameters. We consider a single 6-DOF robot arm that learns fling trajectories to achieve high garment coverage. Given a garment grasp point, the robot explores different parameterized fling trajectories in physical experiments. To improve learning efficiency, we propose a coarse-to-fine learning method that first uses a multi-armed bandit (MAB) framework to efficiently find a candidate fling action, which it then refines via a continuous optimization method. Further, we propose novel training and execution-time stopping criteria based on fling outcome uncertainty; the training-time stopping criterion increases data efficiency while the execution-time stopping criteria leverage repeated fling actions to increase performance. Compared to baselines, the proposed method significantly accelerates learning. Moreover, with prior experience on similar garments collected through self-supervision, the MAB learning time for a new garment is reduced by up to 87%. We evaluate on 36 real garments: towels, T-shirts, long-sleeve shirts, dresses, sweat pants, and jeans. Results suggest that using prior experience, a robot requires under 30 minutes to learn a fling action for a novel garment that achieves 60-94% coverage.
Dead or Murdered? Predicting Responsibility Perception in Femicide News Reports
Minnema, Gosse, Gemelli, Sara, Zanchi, Chiara, Caselli, Tommaso, Nissim, Malvina
Different linguistic expressions can conceptualize the same event from different viewpoints by emphasizing certain participants over others. Here, we investigate a case where this has social consequences: how do linguistic expressions of gender-based violence (GBV) influence who we perceive as responsible? We build on previous psycholinguistic research in this area and conduct a large-scale perception survey of GBV descriptions automatically extracted from a corpus of Italian newspapers. We then train regression models that predict the salience of GBV participants with respect to different dimensions of perceived responsibility. Our best model (fine-tuned BERT) shows solid overall performance, with large differences between dimensions and participants: salient _focus_ is more predictable than salient _blame_, and perpetrators' salience is more predictable than victims' salience. Experiments with ridge regression models using different representations show that features based on linguistic theory similarly to word-based features. Overall, we show that different linguistic choices do trigger different perceptions of responsibility, and that such perceptions can be modelled automatically. This work can be a core instrument to raise awareness of the consequences of different perspectivizations in the general public and in news producers alike.
Identifying latent activity behaviors and lifestyles using mobility data to describe urban dynamics
Yang, Yanni, Pentland, Alex, Moro, Esteban
Urbanization and its problems require an in-depth and comprehensive understanding of urban dynamics, especially the complex and diversified lifestyles in modern cities. Digitally acquired data can accurately capture complex human activity, but it lacks the interpretability of demographic data. In this paper, we study a privacy-enhanced dataset of the mobility visitation patterns of 1.2 million people to 1.1 million places in 11 metro areas in the U.S. to detect the latent mobility behaviors and lifestyles in the largest American cities. Despite the considerable complexity of mobility visitations, we found that lifestyles can be automatically decomposed into only 12 latent interpretable activity behaviors on how people combine shopping, eating, working, or using their free time. Rather than describing individuals with a single lifestyle, we find that city dwellers' behavior is a mixture of those behaviors. Those detected latent activity behaviors are equally present across cities and cannot be fully explained by main demographic features. Finally, we find those latent behaviors are associated with dynamics like experienced income segregation, transportation, or healthy behaviors in cities, even after controlling for demographic features. Our results signal the importance of complementing traditional census data with activity behaviors to understand urban dynamics.
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