Surrogate models have shown to be an extremely efficient aid in solving engineering problems that require repeated evaluations of an expensive computational model. They are built by sparsely evaluating the costly original model and have provided a way to solve otherwise intractable problems. A crucial aspect in surrogate modelling is the assumption of smoothness and regularity of the model to approximate. This assumption is however not always met in reality. For instance in civil or mechanical engineering, some models may present discontinuities or non-smoothness, e.g., in case of instability patterns such as buckling or snap-through. Building a single surrogate model capable of accounting for these fundamentally different behaviors or discontinuities is not an easy task. In this paper, we propose a three-stage approach for the approximation of non-smooth functions which combines clustering, classification and regression. The idea is to split the space following the localized behaviors or regimes of the system and build local surrogates that are eventually assembled. A sequence of well-known machine learning techniques are used: Dirichlet process mixtures models (DPMM), support vector machines and Gaussian process modelling. The approach is tested and validated on two analytical functions and a finite element model of a tensile membrane structure.

In this article, we plan to provide an introduction about some basics about robots for readers. Several key topics of classic robotics will be introduced, including robot representation, robot rotational motion, coordinates transformation and velocity transformation. By now, classic rigid-body robot analysis is still the main-stream approach in robot controlling and motion planning. In this article, no data-driven or machine learning based methods will be introduced. Most of the materials covered in this article are based on the rigid-body kinematics that the readers probably have learned from the physics course at high-school or college. Meanwhile, these classic robot kinematics analyses will serve as the foundation for the latest intelligent robot control algorithms in modern robotics studies.

Learning causal structure from observational data often assumes that we observe independent and identically distributed (i.\,i.\,d) data. The traditional approach aims to find a graphical representation that encodes the same set of conditional independence relationships as those present in the observed distribution. It is known that under i.\,i.\,d assumption, even with infinite data, there is a limit to how fine-grained a causal structure we can identify. To overcome this limitation, recent work has explored using data originating from different, related environments to learn richer causal structure. These approaches implicitly rely on the independent causal mechanisms (ICM) principle, which postulates that the mechanism giving rise to an effect given its causes and the mechanism which generates the causes do not inform or influence each other. Thus, components of the causal model can independently change from environment to environment. Despite its wide application in machine learning and causal inference, there is a lack of statistical formalization of the ICM principle and how it enables identification of richer causal structures from grouped data. Here we present new causal de Finetti theorems which offer a first statistical formalization of ICM principle and show how causal structure identification is possible from exchangeable data. Our work provides theoretical justification for a broad range of techniques leveraging multi-environment data to learn causal structure.

Knowledge distillation(KD) is a widely-used technique to train compact models in object detection. However, there is still a lack of study on how to distill between heterogeneous detectors. In this paper, we empirically find that better FPN features from a heterogeneous teacher detector can help the student although their detection heads and label assignments are different. However, directly aligning the feature maps to distill detectors suffers from two problems. First, the difference in feature magnitude between the teacher and the student could enforce overly strict constraints on the student. Second, the FPN stages and channels with large feature magnitude from the teacher model could dominate the gradient of distillation loss, which will overwhelm the effects of other features in KD and introduce much noise. To address the above issues, we propose to imitate features with Pearson Correlation Coefficient to focus on the relational information from the teacher and relax constraints on the magnitude of the features. Our method consistently outperforms the existing detection KD methods and works for both homogeneous and heterogeneous student-teacher pairs. Furthermore, it converges faster. With a powerful MaskRCNN-Swin detector as the teacher, ResNet-50 based RetinaNet and FCOS achieve 41.5% and 43.9% mAP on COCO2017, which are 4.1\% and 4.8\% higher than the baseline, respectively.

Welcome to the first advanced and project-based Pandas Data Science Course! No matter if you need excellent Pandas skills for Data Analysis, Machine Learning or Finance purposes, this is the right Course for you to get your skills to Expert Level! Efficiently import and merge Data from many text/CSV files. Clean, handle and flatten nested and stringified Data in DataFrames. Know how to handle and normalize Unicode strings.

Data science and machine learning are two concepts that fall within the field of technology and using data to further how we create and innovate products, services, infrastructural systems, and more. Both correspond with career paths that are in-demand and high-earning. The two relate to each other in a similar way that squares are rectangles, but rectangles are not squares. Data science is the all-encompassing rectangle, while machine learning is a square that is its own entity. They are both often used by data scientists in their work and are rapidly being adopted by nearly every industry.

Whether you're just beginning to work with Artificial Intelligence (AI) or you already have AI experience and are new to Microsoft Azure, this course provides you with everything you need to get started. Artificial Intelligence (AI) empowers amazing new solutions and experiences; and Microsoft Azure provides easy to use services to help you build solutions that seemed like science fiction a short time ago; enabling incredible advances in health care, financial management, environmental protection, and other areas to make a better world for everyone. In this course, you will learn the key AI concepts of machine learning, anomaly detection, computer vision, natural language processing, and conversational AI. You'll see some of the ways that AI can be used and explore the principles of responsible AI that can help you understand some of the challenges facing developers as they try to create ethical AI solutions. This course will help you prepare for Exam AI-900: Microsoft Azure AI Fundamentals.

"Without understanding the cause and effect of interactions within the world, no AI model, algorithm, technique, application, or technology is real and true", be it: Natural language generation converting structured data into the native language; Speech recognition converting human speech into a useful and understandable format by computers; Virtual agents, computer applications that interact with humans to answer their queries, from Google Assistant to the Watson; Biometrics, to identify individuals based on their biological characteristics or behaviors, with fingerprints and faces, hand veins, irises, or voices biometric modalities; Decision management systems for data conversion and interpretation into predictive models; Machine learning empowering machine to make sense from data sets without being actually programmed, to make informed decisions with data analytics and statistical models; Robotic process automation configuring a robot (software application) to interpret, communicate and analyze data; Peer-to-peer network connecting between different systems and computers for data sharing without the data transmitting via server; Deep learning platforms based on ANNs teaching computers and machines to learn by example just the way humans do; Generative AI (GANs, Transformers, Autoencoders) referring to unsupervised and semi-supervised machine learning algorithms that enable computers to use existing content like text, audio and video files, images, or code to create new possible content as completely original artifacts. It leverages AI and ML algorithms to generate artificial content such as text, images, audio and video content based on its training data to trick the user into believing the content is real, facing legal challenges concerning data privacy; Generative AI models with image generation algorithms generating photographs of human faces, objects and scenes, image-to-image conversion, text-to-image translation, film restoration, semantic-image-to-photo translation, face frontal view generation, photos to emojis, face aging, media and entertainment: deep fake technology; AI optimized hardware support artificial intelligence models, as #neuralnetworks, #deeplearning, and #computervision, including CPUs, GPUs, TPUs, OPUs to handle scalable workloads, special purpose built-in silicon for neural networks, neuromorphic chips, etc.; Real AI is NOT about representing computational models of intelligence, described as structures, models, and operational functions that can be programmed for problem-solving, inferences, language processing, etc. Real AI is about the computational models of reality and mentality, described as causal structures, models, and operational functions that can be programmed for problem-solving and inferences for a wide range of goals in a wide range of environments.

AI Explorations and Their Practical Use in School Environments is an ISTE initiative funded by General Motors. The program provides professional learning opportunities for educators, with the goal of preparing all students for careers with AI. Recently, we spoke with three more participants of the AI Explorations program to learn about its ongoing impact in K-12 classrooms. Here, they share how the program is helping their districts implement AI curriculum with an eye toward equity in the classroom. Monica Rodriguez is a kindergarten teacher with Ector County Independent School District in Odessa, Texas.

Just as teachers help students gain new skills, the same is true of artificial intelligence (AI). Machine learning algorithms can adapt and change, much like the learning process itself. Using the machine teaching paradigm, a subject matter expert (SME) can teach AI to improve and optimize a variety of systems and processes. The result is an autonomous AI system. In this course, you'll learn how automated systems make decisions and how to approach building an AI system that will outperform current capabilities.