This paper considers the distributed online convex optimization problem with time-varying constraints over a network of agents. This is a sequential decision making problem with two sequences of arbitrarily varying convex loss and constraint functions. At each round, each agent selects a decision from the decision set, and then only a portion of the loss function and a coordinate block of the constraint function at this round are privately revealed to this agent. The goal of the network is to minimize the network-wide loss accumulated over time. Two distributed online algorithms with full-information and bandit feedback are proposed. Both dynamic and static network regret bounds are analyzed for the proposed algorithms, and network cumulative constraint violation is used to measure constraint violation, which excludes the situation that strictly feasible constraints can compensate the effects of violated constraints. In particular, we show that the proposed algorithms achieve $\mathcal{O}(T^{\max\{\kappa,1-\kappa\}})$ static network regret and $\mathcal{O}(T^{1-\kappa/2})$ network cumulative constraint violation, where $T$ is the time horizon and $\kappa\in(0,1)$ is a user-defined trade-off parameter. Moreover, if the loss functions are strongly convex, then the static network regret bound can be reduced to $\mathcal{O}(T^{\kappa})$. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.

Natural Language Processing (NLP) has been revolutionized by the use of Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) such as BERT. Despite setting new records in nearly every NLP task, PLMs still face a number of challenges including poor interpretability, weak reasoning capability, and the need for a lot of expensive annotated data when applied to downstream tasks. By integrating external knowledge into PLMs, \textit{\underline{K}nowledge-\underline{E}nhanced \underline{P}re-trained \underline{L}anguage \underline{M}odels} (KEPLMs) have the potential to overcome the above-mentioned limitations. In this paper, we examine KEPLMs systematically through a series of studies. Specifically, we outline the common types and different formats of knowledge to be integrated into KEPLMs, detail the existing methods for building and evaluating KEPLMS, present the applications of KEPLMs in downstream tasks, and discuss the future research directions. Researchers will benefit from this survey by gaining a quick and comprehensive overview of the latest developments in this field.

Unlike existing knowledge distillation methods focus on the baseline settings, where the teacher models and training strategies are not that strong and competing as state-of-the-art approaches, this paper presents a method dubbed DIST to distill better from a stronger teacher. We empirically find that the discrepancy of predictions between the student and a stronger teacher may tend to be fairly severer. As a result, the exact match of predictions in KL divergence would disturb the training and make existing methods perform poorly. In this paper, we show that simply preserving the relations between the predictions of teacher and student would suffice, and propose a correlation-based loss to capture the intrinsic inter-class relations from the teacher explicitly. Besides, considering that different instances have different semantic similarities to each class, we also extend this relational match to the intra-class level. Our method is simple yet practical, and extensive experiments demonstrate that it adapts well to various architectures, model sizes and training strategies, and can achieve state-of-the-art performance consistently on image classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation tasks. Code is available at: https://github.com/hunto/DIST_KD .

Creating an essay based on a few given topics is a challenging NLP task. Although several effective methods for this problem, topic-to-essay generation, have appeared recently, there is still much room for improvement, especially in terms of the coverage of the given topics and the coherence of the generated text. In this paper, we propose a novel approach called TegFormer which utilizes the Transformer architecture where the encoder is enriched with domain-specific contexts while the decoder is enhanced by a large-scale pre-trained language model. Specifically, a \emph{Topic-Extension} layer capturing the interaction between the given topics and their domain-specific contexts is plugged into the encoder. Since the given topics are usually concise and sparse, such an additional layer can bring more topic-related semantics in to facilitate the subsequent natural language generation. Moreover, an \emph{Embedding-Fusion} module that combines the domain-specific word embeddings learnt from the given corpus and the general-purpose word embeddings provided by a GPT-2 model pre-trained on massive text data is integrated into the decoder. Since GPT-2 is at a much larger scale, it contains a lot more implicit linguistic knowledge which would help the decoder to produce more grammatical and readable text. Extensive experiments have shown that the pieces of text generated by TegFormer have better topic coverage and higher text coherence than those from SOTA topic-to-essay techniques, according to automatic and human evaluations. As revealed by ablation studies, both the Topic-Extension layer and the Embedding-Fusion module contribute substantially to TegFormer's performance advantage.

This short paper compiles the big ideas behind some philosophical views, definitions, and examples of causality. This collection spans the realms of the four commonly adopted approaches to causality: Hume's regularity, counterfactual, manipulation, and mechanisms. This short review is motivated by presenting simplified views and definitions and then supplements them with examples from various fields, including economics, education, medicine, politics, physics, and engineering. It is the hope that this short review comes in handy for new and interested readers with little knowledge of causality and causal inference. Introduction Causality is the science of cause and effect [1]. As identifying causal mechanisms is often regarded as a fundamental purist in most sciences, causality becomes elemental in advancing our knowledge. While causality is more profound in some research areas, the concept of causality is often vague or forgotten in others [2]. With the advent of data science and the ready accessibility of big data, there is a rising potential to leverage such data in pursuit of unlocking previously unknown, hidden mechanisms or perhaps confirming ongoing hypotheses and empirical knowledge [3]. Traditionally, researchers would collect data pertaining to a phenomenon and then analyze this data to describe it, creating a model that could be used to predict such a phenomenon and/or causally infer (or explain/understand) interesting questions about such a phenomenon (see Table 1) [4]. When the primary goal is to describe the data on hand, the researcher simply aims to visualize the data to tell its story.

Search Algorithms and Optimization techniques are the engines of most Artificial Intelligence techniques and Data Science. There is no doubt that the Grey Wolf Optimizer is one of the most recent, well-regarded and widely-used AI search techniques. A lot of scientists and practitioners use search and optimization algorithms without understanding their internal structure. However, understanding the internal structure and mechanism of such AI problem-solving techniques will allow them to solve problems more efficiently. This also allows them to tune, tweak, and even design new algorithms for different projects.

Note: 4.0/5 (209 notes) 40,442 students Welcome to experience "Artificial Intelligence Powered Audiobook Creation Course" If you know Siri, Cortana from Microsoft, Denise from Nextos, Alexa from Amazon or those handy voice GPS directions on smartphones, then congrats! This course will just help you bridge the gap through an ocean of knowledge with the power of Artificial intelligence based TTS tools. Text to speech, abbreviated as TTS, is a synthesis of speech that transforms text into voice output. Text to speech systems was first developed to help the visually impaired by providing the user with a spoken voice created by a machine that would "read" text. Text to speech enables content owners to adapt in terms of how they communicate with the content to the specific needs and desires of each user.

Welcome to The Complete 2021 Android Machine Learning Course. In this course, you will learn the use of Machine learning in Android along with training your own image recognition models for Android applications without knowing any background knowledge of machine learning. The course is designed in such a manner that you don't need any prior knowledge of machine learning to it. In modern world app development, the use of ML in mobile app development is compulsory. We hardly see an application in which ML is not being used.

Python is one of the most widely used programming languages in the Machine Learning field. Python has many packages and libraries that are specifically tailored for certain functions, including pandas, NumPy, scikit-learn, Matplotlib, and SciPy. So if you want to learn Machine Learning with Python, this article is for you. In this article, you will find the 12 Best Online Courses for Machine Learning with Python. Now, without wasting your time, let's start finding the Best Online Courses for Machine Learning with Python.

One of the most exciting aspects of AI art is its ability to generate completely novel works of art that are unlike anything that has been created before. This can be done through the use of generative models, which are trained on large datasets of existing artworks and then use that knowledge to create new, original pieces. In a course on "Create and Sell AI Art," students would likely learn how to use AI tools and techniques to create original artworks, as well as how to market and sell these artworks to a wider audience. This could include topics such as using machine learning algorithms to generate art, designing and implementing AI art projects, and leveraging social media and other online platforms to promote and sell AI art. In addition to technical skills, a course on "Create and Sell AI Art" may also cover topics related to the business of art, such as pricing and pricing strategies, negotiating with buyers, and developing a personal brand as an AI artist.