This paper presents a hybrid case-based reasoning (CBR) and information retrieval (IR) system, called SPIRE, that both retrieves documents from a full-text document corpus and from within individual documents, and locates passages likely to contain information about important problem-solving features of cases. SPIRE uses two case-bases, one containing past precedents, and one containing excerpts from past case texts. Both are used by SPIRE to automatically generate queries, which are then run by the INQUERY full-text retrieval engine on a large text collection in the case of document retrieval and on individual text documents for passage retrieval.

We discuss key ingredients of case-based reasoning, in general, and 3. A technique, the "claim lattice", for organizing the the correspondence of these to elements of HYPO.

The research pursued in the early 1980s by Rissland, Ashley, Branting, and Skalak explored the rich vein of case-based reasoning in the context of legal argument. Some of these seminal projects were presented in a special 1991 pair of issues of the International Journal of Man-Machine Studies (e.g., Ashley 1991; Branting, 1991; Rissland & Skalak, 1991). Ideas from these research projects lay the foundation of what is now termed interpretive CBR, that is, how to interpret new cases in light of past interpretations. This work has also influenced the community that develops formal models of argumentation and defeasible reasoning, and these models have in turn contributed more formal models to CBR (e.g., Bench-Capon & Sartor, 2003). The AI and law community continues to provide a rich tributary of ideas and techniques about CBR and for integrating it with other reasoning modalities in CBR hybrids, such as rule-based reasoning, heuristic search, and information retrieval.

Where the accountants have fallen down, however, is in their reluctance and sometimes inability to make intensive studies of different equipment and to specify their requirements for equipment. As one authority in the field of electronic data processing has pointed out, "Accountants, unlike engineers, take the equipment as given without bothering to specify their own particular needs." But after all things are taken into consideration, it is of primary importance that the personnel who are handling the details of the investigation have a good knowledge of the particular application to be studied. Executives in many companies have been dissatisfied with the help received from outsiders who are expert programmers and who know a lot about equipment, but who are unfamiliar with business systems. In some companies executives have found that their own personnel, who know the firm's particular data processing system, after three or four months of experience in which to grasp the logics of the computer and the intricacies of programming, are much more valuable than such outside experts.

I] presented a systematic account of the facts of thought and of the methods to express them. But if we do not restrict the domain, there are too many things to be considered. Brunot accurately studied various ways to express surprise, prices, anteriority in the future, a question... But concepts used only in specific domains do not appear in his book. That is why I chose a technical domain -- annotations of chess games -- and I tried to fmd what was said in that domain.

A. YONEZAWA and C. HEWITT 41 REPRESENTATIONS FOR ABSTRACT REASONING 4 A maximal method for set variables in automatic theorem-proving W. W. BLEDSOE

Donald Michie Volumes 1 --7 are published by Edinburgh University Press and in the United States by Halsted Press (a subsidiary of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) Volumes 8 -- 9 are published by Ellis Horwood Ltd., Publishers, Chichester and in the United States by Halsted Press (a subsidiary of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) MACHINE INTELLIGENCE 9 New York - Chichester - Brisbane - Toronto First published in 1979 by ELLIS HORWOOD LIMITED Market Cross House, Cooper Street, Chichester, West Sussex, P019 lEB, England The publisher's colophon is reproduced from James Gillison's drawing of the ancient Market Cross, Chichester No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form of by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission. One intelligent approach to prefaces -- is to have the empty preface. The well prepared reader will form a good idea of the technical programme just from looking at the table of contents; together with the names of the authors, this gives him a good idea of what happened at the symposium. I could try to assess the tallcs and direct the reader's attention to the more interesting communications. But I fear this would be too subjective and unfair to the remaining authors -- all of them equally represented in this book. However, recalling that Spring week in Repino, a resort 20 kilometres from Leningrad on the Bay of Finland and unpopulated at that time of year, I have come to the definite conclusion that the scientific meeting was in its own way unique.

J. Do RAN 433 22 Chromosome classification and segmentation as exercises in knowing what to expect.

Many of the problems of recognition and interpretation encountered in archaeology have close parallels with classic artificial intelligence problems, notably those of scene analysis.

B.RANDELL 3 PROGRAM PROOF AND MANIPULATION 2 Some techniques for proving correctness of programs which alter data structures.