Scott Aaronson has one of the highest intelligence/pretension ratios I've ever encountered. I wasn't really aware of him before last fall, when I attended a conference at New York University on an ambitious new theory of consciousness, integrated information theory. Most speakers touted IIT or tried to tease out its implications. The striking exception was Aaronson, a boyish (he turns 35 on May 21 but looks younger) computer scientist at MIT (soon leaving for the University of Texas--too bad, MIT!). Although at first he seemed nervous, even jittery, he proceeded to demolish IIT. He focused on a key IIT variable, phi, which denotes the inter-connectivity, or synergy, of the parts of a system. The more phi a system has, the more consciousness it has, supposedly. Aaronson argued--or showed, actually--that IIT's mathematical definition of phi implies that a simple information-storage device, like a compact disc, can be more conscious than a human being. Browsing Aaronson's blog, "Shtetl-Optimized," I discovered that he writes not only about quantum computation, his specialty, but also about artificial intelligence, mathematics, cosmology, particle physics, philosophy… Aaronson has things to say about almost everything. Even when he is at his most technical, he expresses himself in a down-to-earth, funny, self-deprecating and above all clear way. He exudes the spunky enthusiasm and curiosity of a 10-year-old kid, a kid who happens to have a firm grasp of mathematics and physics. He thinks I'm wrong about the end of science, and that's fine with me. Hell, he might be right! I won't say more about him here, because I don't want to embarrass him--or myself--more than I already have, and because he reveals so much of himself in what follows. Warning: this is an extra-long Q&A, but if you read it, I predict, you too will become an Aaronson fan. Come on, that's too high a bar! When I was a kid, I wanted to be the founder and ruler of a rationalist space colony, who also wrote video games and invented the first human-level AI and led a children's liberation movement and discovered the mathematical laws underlying society. On the other hand, as far as childhood dreams go, I have no right to complain. I have a wonderful wife and three-year-old daughter. I get paid to work on engrossing math problems and mentor students and write about topics that interest me, to do all the things I'd want to do even if I weren't getting paid. It's one of those things, like a joke, that dies a little when you have to explain it--but when I started my blog in 2005, it was about my limitations as a human being, and my struggle to carve out a niche in the world despite those limitations. It also gestured toward the irony of someone whose sensibility and humor and points of reference are as ancient as mine are--I mean, I already felt like a senile, crotchety old man when I was 16--but who also studies a kind of computer that's so modern it doesn't even exist yet.

Advanced Micro Devices Inc. stock jumped upwards of 30 percent to 3.41 at the start of trading Friday, bolstered by the news that AMD is working on processors for three new gaming consoles. Amid declining PC sales, AMD has turned to the video game industry to reverse slumping revenue. At the market's close Thursday, AMD's stock sat at 2.62, but after-hours trading saw a jump of 24 percent based on what analysts called a strong first quarter. Leading the charge was the potential 1.8 billion revenue from three semicustom processor "wins" for new consoles. The revenue would be spread out over the next three to four years, AMD CEO Lisa Su said on an earnings call Thursday.

Advanced Micro Devices Inc. stock jumped upwards of 30 percent to 3.41 at the start of trading Friday, bolstered by the news that AMD is working on processors for three new gaming consoles. Amid declining PC sales, AMD has turned to the video game industry to reverse slumping revenue. At the market's close Thursday, AMD's stock sat at 2.62, but after-hours trading saw a jump of 24 percent based on what analysts called a strong first quarter. Leading the charge was the potential 1.8 billion revenue from three semi-custom processor "wins" for new consoles. The revenue would be spread out over the next three to four years, AMD CEO Lisa Su said on an earnings call Thursday.

SAN FRANCISCO -- The cloud may be the future, but the specter of the PC lingers. Microsoft is the latest tech giant whose earnings say that loud and clear. Microsoft on Thursday posted substantial drops in revenue and earnings as it continues to navigate from its legacy PC business into emerging technologies -- a day after chipmaker Intel announced a 11% workforce reduction. The Redmond, Wash.-based company reported a 6% decline in fiscal third-quarter revenue to 20.5 billion. Earnings of 3.8 billion, or 47 cents per share, fell 25%in the same quarter a year ago.

Nasa has announced that it has found evidence of flowing water on Mars. Scientists have long speculated that Recurring Slope Lineae -- or dark patches -- on Mars were made up of briny water but the new findings prove that those patches are caused by liquid water, which it has established by finding hydrated salts. Several hundred camped outside the London store in Covent Garden. The 6s will have new features like a vastly improved camera and a pressure-sensitive "3D Touch" display

In just our fourth session together, Steve was already beginning to sound discouraged. It was Thursday of the first week of an experiment that I had expected to last for two or three months, but from what Steve was telling me, it might not make much sense to go on. "There appears to be a limit for me somewhere around eight or nine digits," he told me, his words captured by the tape recorder that ran throughout each of our sessions. "With nine digits especially, it's very difficult to get regardless of what pattern I use--you know, my own kind of strategies. It really doesn't matter what I use--it seems very difficult to get." Steve, an undergraduate at Carnegie Mellon University, where I was teaching at the time, had been hired to come in several times a week and work on a simple task: memorizing strings of numbers. I would read him a series of digits at a rate of about one per second--"Seven ... four ... zero ... one ... one ... nine ..." and so on--and Steve would try to remember them all and repeat them back to me once I was done. One goal was simply to see how much Steve could improve with practice. Now, after four of the hour-long sessions, he could reliably recall seven-digit strings--the length of a local phone number--and he usually got the eight-digit strings right, but nine digits was hit or miss, and he had never managed to remember a 10-digit string at all. And at this point, given his frustrating experience over the first few sessions, he was pretty sure that he wasn't going to get any better. What Steve didn't know--but I did--was that pretty much all of psychological science at the time indicated that he was right. Decades of research had shown that there is a strict limit to the number of items that a person can retain in short-term memory, which is the type of memory the brain uses to hold on to small amounts of information for a brief period of time. If a friend gives you his address, it is your short-term memory that holds on to it just long enough to write it down. Or if you're multiplying a couple of two-digit numbers in your head, your short-term memory is where you keep track of all the intermediate pieces: "Let's see: 14 times 27 ... First, 4 times 7 is 28, so keep the 8 and carry the 2, then 4 times 2 is 8 ..." and so on.

Retired Army Col. Lawrence Wilkerson says the decentralization and advancements of 3-D printing, artificial intelligence, and nanotechnology are the future of warfare, and may enable the rise of modernized private robotic armies. Wilkerson's statements were made during an exclusive interview with Rick Wiles of TRUNEWS on Thursday, while discussing the possibility that billionaires like George Soros could bring rise to a modern version of the East India Company. "As were developing these new technologies particularly 3-D printing, nanotechnology, nano engineering, artificial intelligence and robotics, as were developing these now, we are reducing enormously the costs for some of the most sophisticated weapons to be in the world," Wilkerson said. These advancements, Wilkerson noted, are already being placed into conceptual practice. "With 3-D printing we have recently produced, in less than 16 hours, a drone that underwater went to the coast of France and back to the Eastern coast of the United States, underwater. You produce this drone with 3-D printing almost overnight, you hang some smart weapons on it like submarine killing torpedoes or smart mines, you take it out there and you kill a 4 billion Ohio class submarine. This is the future and if you make these kinds of weapons available to almost anyone in the world, at a reasonable price, I mean you can make this drone for about 100,000, its going to kill a 4 billion submarine, thats quite a price exchange there."

That's an interesting question, and I try to answer this is a very general way. The tl;dr version of this is: Deep learning is essentially a set of techniques that help we to parameterize deep neural network structures, neural networks with many, many layers and parameters. And if we are interested, a more concrete example: Let's start with multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) … On a tangent: The term "perceptron" in MLPs may be a bit confusing since we don't really want only linear neurons in our network. Using MLPs, we want to learn complex functions to solve non-linear problems. Thus, our network is conventionally composed of one or multiple "hidden" layers that connect the input and output layer.

IBM Watson project manager Leanne LeBlanc views analytics of healthcare data. Each person generates more than 1,100 terabytes of health-related data across his or her lifetime, the equivalent of more than 300 million books. What alarms Dr. Craig Thompson, president and CEO at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, is that 20% of cancer patients in the U.S. are misdiagnosed. Thompson made those remarks during an IBM investor briefing in February as he discussed the cancer hospital's partnership with IBM Watson. Three years ago, Memorial Sloan-Kettering and IBM Watson formed a partnership to develop Watson for Oncology, a cognitive computing system that can analyze large volumes of data including medical literature, patient health records, and clinical trials, to offer personalized, evidence-based treatment recommendations for cancer patients.

The hype around artificial intelligence (AI) is ramping up, especially as big tech companies like Amazon, Google, Facebook, IBM and Microsoft attempt to commercialize its use. Agencies are also starting to figure out how they can leverage AI to make their clients' marketing and advertising efforts more effective. Josh Sutton: We've been looking at AI for the better part of four years now with the real focus of getting an understanding as to what it really is that people mean when they say "AI." Within the practice, we primarily do two things. One is that we help companies look across the landscape of all the different big data, machine learning and other artificial intelligence platforms that are available to understand which ones can help them best achieve their business objectives.