The 15th International Conference on AI and Law (ICAIL 2015) was held in San Diego, California, USA, June 8-12, 2015, at the University of San Diego, at the Kroc Institute, under the auspices of the International Association for Artificial Intelligence and Law (IAAIL), an organization devoted to promoting research and development in the field of AI and law with members throughout the world. The conference is held in cooperation with the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) and with ACM SIGAI (the Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence of the Association for Computing Machinery). The conference has been held every two years since 1987, alternating between North America and (usually) Europe. The program for ICAIL 2015 included three days of plenary sessions and two days of workshops, tutorials, and related events. Attendance reached a total of 179 participants from 23 countries. Of the total, 95 were registered for the full conference and 84 for one or two days. The work reported at the ICAIL conferences has always had two thrusts: using law as a rich domain for AI research, and using AI techniques to develop legal applications. That duality continued this year, with an increased emphasis on the applications side. Workshop topics included (1) discovery of electronically stored information, (2) law and big data, (3) automated semantic analysis of legal texts, and (4) evidence in the law. There were also two sessions for which attorneys could obtain Continuing Legal Education credit, one on AI techniques for intellectual property analytics and the other on trends in legal search and software. The program also contained events intended to reach out to a variety of communities and audiences.

It was written not by a human being, but by my computer program EWI (an acronym for "experiments in writing intelligence"). EWI was fed the texts of two of Hofstadter's books--namely, Gödel, Escher, Bach (winner of the Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction in 1980) and Metamagical Themas--and then, following its code, EWI carefully analyzed these two books for their uniquely Hofstadterian stylistic elements and features, after which it recombined these stylistic elements in new fashions. EWI thereby came up with some 25 new and highly diverse "Hofstadter articles," one of which is given below, and the article is followed by a brief commentary about EWI and its output by Hofstadter himself. Actually, I should state up front that the wonderful sparkling dialogues of GEB, which are a substantial part of that book, were not used by EWI in generating any of the articles, because EWI is unfortunately not yet able to work with inputs that belong to different genres, such as chapters and dialogues. To combine stylistic aspects of two or more different genres of writing represents a very thorny challenge indeed.

I am honored by the appointment and look forward to the opportunity to guide the magazine as it begins its third decade of publication. AI Magazine serves the artificial intelligence community in many ways. It is a medium for disseminating information about AI areas and methods to readers across the entire field of AI, as well as to a broad multidisciplinary audience. It is a journal of record for articles on important research and applications advances as well as for meeting reports, reviews, and discussions that illuminate the state of the art and emerging areas. Equally important, it is a forum for sharing visions for the field--perspectives on issues, priorities, and challenges for moving forward.

He knew the challenges were great and would require the efforts of many people. He had a genius for bringing these people together. In preparing this tribute, we asked a number of people who had known Don over the years to send us reminiscences. Although each person's story differed, a striking commonality emerged. It is remarkable how often Don was present at the key juncture in people's careers, and in his understated, soft-spoken, low-key way, he did just the right thing for them.

Trustees to honor senior scientists in artificial intelligence for contributions and service to the field during their careers. The Award carries a stipend of $1,000 and covers expenses of the recipient's attendance at Distinguished Service Award; the first was presented to Bernard Meltzer in 1979. Arthur Samuel is one of the pioneeers in AI. His checkers program was the earliest high-performance AI system, and his work on machine learning is a classic in the field.

Waltz served as Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) president from 1997 to 1999, was a Fellow of AAAI and the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), a senior member of the Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and former chair of the ACM Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence (SIGART). Prior to joining CCLS, he was president of the NEC Research Institute in Princeton, and from 1984-1993 was director of Advanced Information Systems at Thinking Machines Corporation and a professor of computer science at Brandeis University. A celebration of his life was held in the spring of 2012, and a symposium in his honor was held September 23, 2012, at Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts. That dissertation created the field of constraint propagation by showing that constraints and a rich but simple descriptive system were sufficient to recover threedimensional information from a two-dimensional projection. Besides an education, Dave picked up a passion for the highenergy atmosphere that propelled the MIT AI Lab to prominence -- an atmosphere that he spent the rest of his life recreating. In 1973, Dave Waltz with Richard P. Gabriel in tow headed west from MIT to the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) with the goals of starting a first-rate AI program and creating a lab in the image of the MIT AI Lab. All they had were an enthusiastic home in the Coordinated Science Laboratory, some friendly faculty in the Electrical Engineering department, a PDP-10, a shaky connection to the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), and a small but eager coterie of misfit graduate students.

That book was made by Mr. Mark Twain, and he told the truth, mainly. There were things which he stretched, but mainly he told the truth." I haven't even gotten my reading light adjusted, and already I am stuck in the conundrum that is present on every page of David Lodge's generous novel. More importantly, whom should I believe? Mark Twain" disguised as Huck?

Alan Turing's decades-old question still influences artificial intelligence because of the simple test he proposed in his article in Mind. In this article, AI Magazine collects presentations about the first round of the classic Turing Test of machine intelligence, held November 8, 1991 at The Computer Museum, Boston. Robert Epstein, Director Emeritus, Cambridge Center for Behavioral Studies, and an adjunct professor of psychology, Boston University, University of Massachusetts (Amherst), and University of California (San Diego) summarizes some of the difficult issues during the planning of this first real-time competition, and describes the event. Presented in tandem with Dr. Epstein's article is the actual transcript of session that won the Loebner Prize Competition--Joseph Weintraub's computer program PC Therapist. In 1985 an old friend, Hugh Loebner, told me excitedly that the Turing Test should be made into an annual contest.

This article proposes a new grand challenge for AI: to develop an AI system that can make major scientific discoveries in biomedical sciences and that is worthy of a Nobel Prize. There are a series of human cognitive limitations that prevent us from making accelerated scientific discoveries, particularity in biomedical sciences. As a result, scientific discoveries are left at the level of a cottage industry. AI systems can transform scientific discoveries into highly efficient practices, thereby enabling us to expand our knowledge in unprecedented ways. Such systems may outcompute all possible hypotheses and may redefine the nature of scientific intuition, hence the scientific discovery process.

The services and benefits that clients receive are based largely on such reviews and assessments. The failure to perform accurate reviews and assessments in a timely manner can result in a client being denied access to services when they most need them. The typical scenario with regard to case review and assessment in social services situations involves a professional caseworker reviewing a client's file, conducting a phone or in-person interview if necessary, and making an assessment using the information obtained from the review and heuristics developed from experience. The caseworker is generally a professional who possesses expertise in the appropriate field. Some examples of fields where this expertise is found include medicine, mental health, and education.