Cardiovascular diseases are a pervasive global health concern, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Among these conditions, arrhythmia, characterized by irregular heart rhythms, presents formidable diagnostic challenges. This study introduces an innovative approach utilizing deep learning techniques, specifically Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), to address the complexities of arrhythmia classification. Leveraging multi-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) data, our CNN model, comprising six layers with a residual block, demonstrates promising outcomes in identifying five distinct heartbeat types: Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB), Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB), Atrial Premature Contraction (APC), Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC), and Normal Beat. Through rigorous experimentation, we highlight the transformative potential of our methodology in enhancing diagnostic accuracy for cardiovascular arrhythmias. Arrhythmia diagnosis remains a critical challenge in cardiovascular care, often relying on manual interpretation of ECG signals, which can be time-consuming and prone to subjectivity. To address these limitations, we propose a novel approach that leverages deep learning algorithms to automate arrhythmia classification. By employing advanced CNN architectures and multi-lead ECG data, our methodology offers a robust solution for precise and efficient arrhythmia detection. Through comprehensive evaluation, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in facilitating more accurate clinical decision-making, thereby improving patient outcomes in managing cardiovascular arrhythmias.

With the surge of ChatGPT,the use of large models has significantly increased,rapidly rising to prominence across the industry and sweeping across the internet. This article is a comprehensive review of fine-tuning methods for large models. This paper investigates the latest technological advancements and the application of advanced methods in aspects such as task-adaptive fine-tuning,domain-adaptive fine-tuning,few-shot learning,knowledge distillation,multi-task learning,parameter-efficient fine-tuning,and dynamic fine-tuning.

The relentless pursuit of enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to the advent of Super Retrieval-Augmented Generation (Super RAGs), a novel approach designed to elevate the performance of LLMs by integrating external knowledge sources with minimal structural modifications. This paper presents the integration of Super RAGs into the Mistral 8x7B v1, a state-of-the-art LLM, and examines the resultant improvements in accuracy, speed, and user satisfaction. Our methodology uses a fine-tuned instruct model setup and a cache tuning fork system, ensuring efficient and relevant data retrieval. The evaluation, conducted over several epochs, demonstrates significant enhancements across all metrics. The findings suggest that Super RAGs can effectively augment LLMs, paving the way for more sophisticated and reliable AI systems. This research contributes to the field by providing empirical evidence of the benefits of Super RAGs and offering insights into their potential applications.

In the field of emotion recognition and Human-Machine Interaction (HMI), personalised approaches have exhibited their efficacy in capturing individual-specific characteristics and enhancing affective prediction accuracy. However, personalisation techniques often face the challenge of limited data for target individuals. This paper presents our work on an enhanced personalisation strategy, that leverages data augmentation to develop tailored models for continuous valence and arousal prediction. Our proposed approach, Distance Weighting Augmentation (DWA), employs a weighting-based augmentation method that expands a target individual's dataset, leveraging distance metrics to identify similar samples at the segment-level. Experimental results on the MuSe-Personalisation 2023 Challenge dataset demonstrate that our method significantly improves the performance of features sets which have low baseline performance, on the test set. This improvement in poor-performing features comes without sacrificing performance on high-performing features. In particular, our method achieves a maximum combined testing CCC of 0.78, compared to the reported baseline score of 0.76 (reproduced at 0.72). It also achieved a peak arousal and valence scores of 0.81 and 0.76, compared to reproduced baseline scores of 0.76 and 0.67 respectively. Through this work, we make significant contributions to the advancement of personalised affective computing models, enhancing the practicality and adaptability of data-level personalisation in real world contexts.

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is witnessing a remarkable breakthrough driven by the success of Large Language Models (LLMs). LLMs have gained significant attention across academia and industry for their versatile applications in text generation, question answering, and text summarization. As the landscape of NLP evolves with an increasing number of domain-specific LLMs employing diverse techniques and trained on various corpus, evaluating performance of these models becomes paramount. To quantify the performance, it's crucial to have a comprehensive grasp of existing metrics. Among the evaluation, metrics which quantifying the performance of LLMs play a pivotal role. This paper offers a comprehensive exploration of LLM evaluation from a metrics perspective, providing insights into the selection and interpretation of metrics currently in use. Our main goal is to elucidate their mathematical formulations and statistical interpretations. We shed light on the application of these metrics using recent Biomedical LLMs. Additionally, we offer a succinct comparison of these metrics, aiding researchers in selecting appropriate metrics for diverse tasks. The overarching goal is to furnish researchers with a pragmatic guide for effective LLM evaluation and metric selection, thereby advancing the understanding and application of these large language models.

We consider the problem of approximating a general Gaussian location mixture by finite mixtures. The minimum order of finite mixtures that achieve a prescribed accuracy (measured by various $f$-divergences) is determined within constant factors for the family of mixing distributions with compactly support or appropriate assumptions on the tail probability including subgaussian and subexponential. While the upper bound is achieved using the technique of local moment matching, the lower bound is established by relating the best approximation error to the low-rank approximation of certain trigonometric moment matrices, followed by a refined spectral analysis of their minimum eigenvalue. In the case of Gaussian mixing distributions, this result corrects a previous lower bound in [Allerton Conference 48 (2010) 620-628].

The integration With the surge in data-centric AI and its increasing capabilities, AI of AI into everyday life will only increase as new applications applications have become a part of our everyday lives. However, are developed for use in our homes, schools, governments, social misunderstandings regarding their capabilities, limitations, and lives, and workplaces. But despite the progress made, we have associated advantages and disadvantages are widespread. Consequently, also seen how serious the consequences of misunderstanding or in the university setting, there is a crucial need to educate failing to question AI decisions can be - leading to issues such as not only computer science majors but also students from various disciplines viral misinformation [8], biased systems that disproportionately about AI. In this experience report, we present an overview impact marginalized communities [1], and serious concerns about of an introductory course that we offered to students coming from data privacy. This situation highlights the need to bridge the gap different majors. Moreover, we discuss the assignments and quizzes between AI's everyday presence and people's lack of knowledge, so of the course, which provided students with a firsthand experience we can clear up misconceptions, reduce fears, and embrace a more of AI processes and insights into their learning patterns. Additionally, informed relationship with the AI that is shaping our future [4].

As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to penetrate ever deeper into modern life, one particular family of machine learning algorithms--namely, deep neural networks--have come to be seen as the solution to many of the challenges that have stumped more classical algorithms in the past. Modeled loosely on the structure of biological neural networks, artificial neural networks consist of chains of simple mathematical transformations that can model complex non-linear decision boundaries in large problem spaces. In particular, deep neural networks--artificial neural networks that consist of multiple layers of transformations--allow for sufficient complexity to tackle tasks in a wide variety of fields. These models are collectively and more colloquially referred to as deep learning. A growing body of education researchers are now also turning their attention to leveraging the power of deep learning algorithms for the tasks of improving and understanding human learning. Researchers in educational data science, a field consisting of various interrelated research communities such as Educational Data Mining (EDM), Learning Analytics (LA), and AI in Education (AIED), have been involved in this endeavor.

Social Event Detection (SED) aims to identify significant events from social streams, and has a wide application ranging from public opinion analysis to risk management. In recent years, Graph Neural Network (GNN) based solutions have achieved state-of-the-art performance. However, GNN-based methods often struggle with noisy and missing edges between messages, affecting the quality of learned message embedding. Moreover, these methods statically initialize node embedding before training, which, in turn, limits the ability to learn from message texts and relations simultaneously. In this paper, we approach social event detection from a new perspective based on Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs), and present RPLM_SED (Relational prompt-based Pre-trained Language Models for Social Event Detection). We first propose a new pairwise message modeling strategy to construct social messages into message pairs with multi-relational sequences. Secondly, a new multi-relational prompt-based pairwise message learning mechanism is proposed to learn more comprehensive message representation from message pairs with multi-relational prompts using PLMs. Thirdly, we design a new clustering constraint to optimize the encoding process by enhancing intra-cluster compactness and inter-cluster dispersion, making the message representation more distinguishable. We evaluate the RPLM_SED on three real-world datasets, demonstrating that the RPLM_SED model achieves state-of-the-art performance in offline, online, low-resource, and long-tail distribution scenarios for social event detection tasks.

Next-generation multiple input multiple output (MIMO) is expected to be intelligent and scalable. In this paper, we study generative artificial intelligence (AI) agent-enabled next-generation MIMO design. Firstly, we provide an overview of the development, fundamentals, and challenges of the next-generation MIMO. Then, we propose the concept of the generative AI agent, which is capable of generating tailored and specialized contents with the aid of large language model (LLM) and retrieval augmented generation (RAG). Next, we comprehensively discuss the features and advantages of the generative AI agent framework. More importantly, to tackle existing challenges of next-generation MIMO, we discuss generative AI agent-enabled next-generation MIMO design, from the perspective of performance analysis, signal processing, and resource allocation. Furthermore, we present two compelling case studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of leveraging the generative AI agent for performance analysis in complex configuration scenarios. These examples highlight how the integration of generative AI agents can significantly enhance the analysis and design of next-generation MIMO systems. Finally, we discuss important potential research future directions.