In this paper, we propose polynomial forms to represent distributions of state variables over time for discrete-time stochastic dynamical systems. This problem arises in a variety of applications in areas ranging from biology to robotics. Our approach allows us to rigorously represent the probability distribution of state variables over time, and provide guaranteed bounds on the expectations, moments and probabilities of tail events involving the state variables. First, we recall ideas from interval arithmetic, and use them to rigorously represent the state variables at time t as a function of the initial state variables and noise symbols that model the random exogenous inputs encountered before time t. Next, we show how concentration of measure inequalities can be employed to prove rigorous bounds on the tail probabilities of these state variables. We demonstrate interesting applications that demonstrate how our approach can be useful in some situations to establish mathematically guaranteed bounds that are of a different nature from those obtained through simulations with pseudo-random numbers.

ThepolytopeP(X,L) is in fact a "twisted sum" of a finite number of lattice polytopes fibering overP(F,L| F) .

High-quality, diverse pre-training corpora form the cornerstone for developing powerful foundation models, enabling AI assistants like ChatGPT [47] to exhibit balanced competencies across a broad spectrum of tasks [11].

In this appendix, we include all the material missing from the main paper. Moreover, we restate a key result which connects random sampling and submodular maximization. The original version of the theorem was due to Feige et al. In fact, in what follows we exclusively use S and O for their final versions. Before stating the next lemma, let us introduce some notation for the sake of readability.