Current trends in AI are nothing if not remarkable. Day after day, we hear stories about systems and machines taking on tasks that, until very recently, we saw as the exclusive and permanent preserve of humankind: making medical diagnoses, drafting legal documents, designing buildings, and even composing music. Our concern here, though, is with something even more striking: the prospect of high-level machine intelligence systems that outperform human beings at essentially every task. This is not science fiction. In a recent survey the median estimate among leading computer scientists reported a 50% chance that this technology would arrive within 45 years.

On November 19, Elisabeth Borne, Minister of Labour, Employment and Integration, visited the Matrice innovation institute to sign an agreement with Bruno Sportisse of Inria to create a laboratory dedicated to artificial intelligence. Called LaborIA and operated by Matrice, this resource and experimentation centre will have the mission of "better understanding artificial intelligence and its effects on work, employment, skills and social dialogue in order to develop business practices and public action". According to the OECD's 2019 Employment Outlook report, medium-skilled jobs are increasingly exposed to profound transformations. Over the next 15 to 20 years, the development of automation could lead to the disappearance of 14% of current jobs, and another 32% are likely to be profoundly transformed. The report states that the future of work is in our hands and will depend, to a large extent, on the public policy choices countries make.

FCMpy is an open source package in Python for building and analyzing Fuzzy Cognitive Maps. More specifically, the package allows 1) deriving fuzzy causal weights from qualitative data, 2) simulating the system behavior, 3) applying machine learning algorithms (e.g., Nonlinear Hebbian Learning, Active Hebbian Learning, Genetic Algorithms and Deterministic Learning) to adjust the FCM causal weight matrix and to solve classification problems, and 4) implementing scenario analysis by simulating hypothetical interventions (i.e., analyzing what-if scenarios).

Specifically they present the reward-is-enough hypothesis that "Intelligence, and its associated abilities, can be understood as subserving the maximisation of reward by an agent acting in its environment", and argue in favour of reward maximisation as a pathway to the creation of artificial general intelligence (AGI). While others have criticised this hypothesis and the subsequent claims [44,54,60,64], here we make the argument that Silver et al. have erred in focusing on the maximisation of scalar rewards. The ability to consider multiple conflicting objectives is a critical aspect of both natural and artificial intelligence, and one which will not necessarily arise or be adequately addressed by maximising a scalar reward. In addition, even if the maximisation of a scalar reward is sufficient to support the emergence of AGI, we contend that this approach is undesirable as it greatly increases the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from the deployment of that AGI. Therefore, we advocate that a more appropriate model of intelligence should explicitly consider multiple objectives via the use of vector-valued rewards. Our paper starts by confirming that the reward-is-enough hypothesis is indeed referring specifically to scalar rather than vector rewards (Section 2). In Section 3 we then consider limitations of scalar rewards compared to vector rewards, and review the list of intelligent abilities proposed by Silver et al. to determine which of these exhibit multi-objective characteristics. Section 4 identifies multi-objective aspects of natural intelligence (animal and human). Section 5 considers the possibility of vector rewards being internally derived by an agent in response to a global scalar reward.

Considering the rapidly increasing number of academic papers, searching for and citing appropriate references has become a non-trial task during the wiring of papers. Recommending a handful of candidate papers to a manuscript before publication could ease the burden of the authors, and help the reviewers to check the completeness of the cited resources. Conventional approaches on citation recommendation generally consider recommending one ground-truth citation for a query context from an input manuscript, but lack of consideration on co-citation recommendations. However, a piece of context often needs to be supported by two or more co-citation pairs. Here, we propose a novel scientific paper modeling for citation recommendations, namely Multi-Positive BERT Model for Citation Recommendation (MP-BERT4CR), complied with a series of Multi-Positive Triplet objectives to recommend multiple positive citations for a query context. The proposed approach has the following advantages: First, the proposed multi-positive objectives are effective to recommend multiple positive candidates. Second, we adopt noise distributions which are built based on the historical co-citation frequencies, so that MP-BERT4CR is not only effective on recommending high-frequent co-citation pairs; but also the performances on retrieving the low-frequent ones are significantly improved. Third, we propose a dynamic context sampling strategy which captures the ``macro-scoped'' citing intents from a manuscript and empowers the citation embeddings to be content-dependent, which allow the algorithm to further improve the performances. Single and multiple positive recommendation experiments testified that MP-BERT4CR delivered significant improvements. In addition, MP-BERT4CR are also effective in retrieving the full list of co-citations, and historically low-frequent co-citation pairs compared with the prior works.

In recent years, there has been significant work on increasing both interpretability and debuggability of a Deep Neural Network (DNN) by extracting a rule-based model that approximates its decision boundary. Nevertheless, current DNN rule extraction methods that consider a DNN's latent space when extracting rules, known as decompositional algorithms, are either restricted to single-layer DNNs or intractable as the size of the DNN or data grows. In this paper, we address these limitations by introducing ECLAIRE, a novel polynomial-time rule extraction algorithm capable of scaling to both large DNN architectures and large training datasets. We evaluate ECLAIRE on a wide variety of tasks, ranging from breast cancer prognosis to particle detection, and show that it consistently extracts more accurate and comprehensible rule sets than the current state-of-the-art methods while using orders of magnitude less computational resources.

Sports game summarization aims at generating sports news from live commentaries. However, existing datasets are all constructed through automated collection and cleaning processes, resulting in a lot of noise. Besides, current works neglect the knowledge gap between live commentaries and sports news, which limits the performance of sports game summarization. In this paper, we introduce K-SportsSum, a new dataset with two characteristics: (1) K-SportsSum collects a large amount of data from massive games. It has 7,854 commentary-news pairs. To improve the quality, K-SportsSum employs a manual cleaning process; (2) Different from existing datasets, to narrow the knowledge gap, K-SportsSum further provides a large-scale knowledge corpus that contains the information of 523 sports teams and 14,724 sports players. Additionally, we also introduce a knowledge-enhanced summarizer that utilizes both live commentaries and the knowledge to generate sports news. Extensive experiments on K-SportsSum and SportsSum datasets show that our model achieves new state-of-the-art performances. Qualitative analysis and human study further verify that our model generates more informative sports news.

Business process deviance refers to the phenomenon whereby a subset of the executions of a business process deviate, in a negative or positive way, with respect to {their} expected or desirable outcomes. Deviant executions of a business process include those that violate compliance rules, or executions that undershoot or exceed performance targets. Deviance mining is concerned with uncovering the reasons for deviant executions by analyzing event logs stored by the systems supporting the execution of a business process. In this paper, the problem of explaining deviations in business processes is first investigated by using features based on sequential and declarative patterns, and a combination of them. Then, the explanations are further improved by leveraging the data attributes of events and traces in event logs through features based on pure data attribute values and data-aware declarative rules. The explanations characterizing the deviances are then extracted by direct and indirect methods for rule induction. Using real-life logs from multiple domains, a range of feature types and different forms of decision rules are evaluated in terms of their ability to accurately discriminate between non-deviant and deviant executions of a process as well as in terms of understandability of the final outcome returned to the users.

Globally, workers want to maintain a hybrid working model where more than half of their time is spent working remotely (53%); with the rest of the time in the office (47%), and workers feel as productive or more productive than before with remote work arrangements (82%). More than half of young leaders (54%) reported they have suffered burnout, and three in 10 stated their mental and physical health has declined in the last 12 months. Nearly two in five employees are already changing or considering new careers, while 41% are considering moving to jobs with more flexible working options. And a quarter of the workforce is considering moving to another country or region. Pardon the overwhelming information, but these are some important data to take note of from HR companies Lee Hecht Harrison (LHH) and The Adecco Group's Resetting Normal: Defining the New Era of Work study, which unearthed insights into how attitudes have changed, and the implications for companies to successfully adapt in this period of transition following the pandemic, and progress in the future of work.

Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Cloud Computing and 5G will be the most important technologies in 2022, according to IEEE's recent Global Study. The new survey of global technology leaders from the U.S., U.K., China, India and Brazil, which included 350 CIOs, CTOs and IT directors, covers the most important technologies in 2022, industries most impacted by technology in the year ahead, and technology trends through the next decade. Which technologies will be the most important in 2022? Among total respondents, more than one in five (21%) say AI and ML, cloud computing (20%) and 5G (17%) will be the most important technologies next year. Because of the global pandemic, technology leaders surveyed said in 2021 they accelerated adoption of cloud computing (60%), AI and ML (51%), and 5G (46%), among others.