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'False choice': is deep-sea mining required for an electric vehicle revolution?

The Guardian

At the Goodwood festival of speed near Chichester, the crowds gathered at the hill-climb circuit to watch the world's fastest cars roar past, as they do every year. But not far from the high-octane action, there was a new, and quieter, attraction: a display of the latest electric vehicles, from the £28,000 Mini Electric to the £2m Lotus Evija hypercar. Even here, at one of the biggest events in Britain's petrolhead calendar, it's clear the days of the internal combustion engine are numbered. As countries strive to meet stringent carbon-emission targets, and vehicle-makers phase out combustion engines, 145m electric vehicles are predicted to be on the roads within a decade, up from 11m last year. The car batteries they require, along with storage batteries for solar and wind power, have sent demand for metals soaring, taking mining firms to the bottom of the sea in the hunt for those metals.


Tuna-AI: tuna biomass estimation with Machine Learning models trained on oceanography and echosounder FAD data

arXiv.org Machine Learning

Echo-sounder data registered by buoys attached to drifting FADs provide a very valuable source of information on populations of tuna and their behaviour. This value increases when these data are supplemented with oceanographic data coming from CMEMS. We use these sources to develop Tuna-AI, a Machine Learning model aimed at predicting tuna biomass under a given buoy, which uses a 3-day window of echo-sounder data to capture the daily spatio-temporal patterns characteristic of tuna schools. As the supervised signal for training, we employ more than 5000 set events with their corresponding tuna catch reported by the AGAC tuna purse seine fleet.


Comment: how ships can outwit piracy with AI

#artificialintelligence

Deep learning is on the frontline in a new age of piracy, outwitting attacks with pre-emptive tech, explains Yarden Gross, CEO and co-founder of Orca AI. Almost a decade has passed since piracy raged off Somalia, and yet the danger posed by maritime hijackings is as present as ever. The global pandemic last year sparked a resurgence of attacks, with piracy incidents doubling across Asia, in a worrying uptick also seen in the Gulf of Mexico and West Africa. The fallout from coronavirus, including the loss of key security personnel, turned quarantined vessels into easy targets. This wave has since receded a little, with the International Maritime Bureau reporting a 44 per cent YoY dip in piracy and armed robbery incidents in 2021.


The Landscape of AI & Robotic Guides in Museums & Cultural Places

#artificialintelligence

Each passing day, Museum and Cultural Places visitors' lives are subtly shaped by AI-driven technologies. In this smartphone glutted world, there lies a huge challenge for both the Museums and Cultural places to attract visitors. The question arises, What is the role of AI in a Museum? To learn more about visitors, manage visitor experience and collect relevant data for boosting the traffic and developing future growth strategies, Museums and Cultural Places across the globe are using artificial intelligence in several ways. The most commonly used modes of AI are - Robots & Chatboxes, Computer Visions and Natural language processing amongst others. Unlike traditional methods of managing generic data once a year, Museums rely on structured data to benefit both the visitors and the employees.


Using artificial intelligence, researchers find that global ocean warming started later

#artificialintelligence

In estimations of ocean heat content – important when assessing and predicting the effects of climate change – calculations have often presented the rate of warming as a gradual rise from the mid 20th century to today. However, new research from UC Santa Barbara scientists Timothy DeVries and Aaron Bagnell could overturn that assumption, suggesting the ocean maintained a relatively steady temperature throughout most of the 20th century, before embarking on a steep rise. The newly discovered dynamics may have significant implications for what we might expect in the future. "There wasn't an onset of an imbalance until about 1990, which is later than most estimates," said DeVries, an associate professor in the Department of Geography, and a co-author on a paper that appears in the journal Nature Communications. According to the study, the period from 1950 to1990 saw temperature fluctuations in the water column but no net warming.


Kernel Density Estimation by Stagewise Algorithm with a Simple Dictionary

arXiv.org Machine Learning

This study proposes multivariate kernel density estimation by stagewise minimization algorithm based on $U$-divergence and a simple dictionary. The dictionary consists of an appropriate scalar bandwidth matrix and a part of the original data. The resulting estimator brings us data-adaptive weighting parameters and bandwidth matrices, and realizes a sparse representation of kernel density estimation. We develop the non-asymptotic error bound of estimator obtained via the proposed stagewise minimization algorithm. It is confirmed from simulation studies that the proposed estimator performs competitive to or sometime better than other well-known density estimators.


Israeli defense minister threatens Iran with military action

PBS NewsHour

Israel's defense minister warned Thursday that his country is prepared to strike Iran, issuing the threat against the Islamic Republic after a fatal drone strike on a oil tanker at sea that his nation blamed on Tehran. The comments by Benny Gantz come as Israel lobbies countries for action at the United Nations over last week's attack on the oil tanker Mercer Street that killed two people. The tanker, struck off Oman in the Arabian Sea, is managed by a firm owned by an Israeli billionaire. The U.S. and the United Kingdom also blamed Iran for the attack, but no country has offered evidence or intelligence to support the claim. Iran, which along with its regional militia allies has launched similar drone attacks, has denied being involved.


US, UK and Israel blame Iran for attack on Israeli-managed tanker

FOX News

Fox News Flash top headlines are here. Check out what's clicking on Foxnews.com. DUBAI, United Arab Emirates (AP) – The United States has joined the United Kingdom and Israel in accusing Iran of carrying out a deadly drone strike that killed two aboard a tanker off Oman. U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken made the announcement in a statement Sunday. Blinken said: "Upon review of the available information, we are confident that Iran conducted this attack, which killed two innocent people, using one-way explosive (drones), a lethal capability it is increasingly employing throughout the region." He added that there was "no justification for this attack, which follows a pattern of attacks and other belligerent behavior."


The Need and Status of Sea Turtle Conservation and Survey of Associated Computer Vision Advances

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

For over hundreds of millions of years, sea turtles and their ancestors have swum in the vast expanses of the ocean. They have undergone a number of evolutionary changes, leading to speciation and sub-speciation. However, in the past few decades, some of the most notable forces driving the genetic variance and population decline have been global warming and anthropogenic impact ranging from large-scale poaching, collecting turtle eggs for food, besides dumping trash including plastic waste into the ocean. This leads to severe detrimental effects in the sea turtle population, driving them to extinction. This research focusses on the forces causing the decline in sea turtle population, the necessity for the global conservation efforts along with its successes and failures, followed by an in-depth analysis of the modern advances in detection and recognition of sea turtles, involving Machine Learning and Computer Vision systems, aiding the conservation efforts.


Neural Ordinary Differential Equation Model for Evolutionary Subspace Clustering and Its Applications

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

The neural ordinary differential equation (neural ODE) model has attracted increasing attention in time series analysis for its capability to process irregular time steps, i.e., data are not observed over equally-spaced time intervals. In multi-dimensional time series analysis, a task is to conduct evolutionary subspace clustering, aiming at clustering temporal data according to their evolving low-dimensional subspace structures. Many existing methods can only process time series with regular time steps while time series are unevenly sampled in many situations such as missing data. In this paper, we propose a neural ODE model for evolutionary subspace clustering to overcome this limitation and a new objective function with subspace self-expressiveness constraint is introduced. We demonstrate that this method can not only interpolate data at any time step for the evolutionary subspace clustering task, but also achieve higher accuracy than other state-of-the-art evolutionary subspace clustering methods. Both synthetic and real-world data are used to illustrate the efficacy of our proposed method.