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On-demand Relational Concept Analysis

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Formal Concept Analysis and its associated conceptual structures have been used to support exploratory search through conceptual navigation. Relational Concept Analysis (RCA) is an extension of Formal Concept Analysis to process relational datasets. RCA and its multiple interconnected structures represent good candidates to support exploratory search in relational datasets, as they are enabling navigation within a structure as well as between the connected structures. However, building the entire structures does not present an efficient solution to explore a small localised area of the dataset, for instance to retrieve the closest alternatives to a given query. In these cases, generating only a concept and its neighbour concepts at each navigation step appears as a less costly alternative. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to compute a concept and its neighbourhood in extended concept lattices. The concepts are generated directly from the relational context family, and possess both formal and relational attributes. The algorithm takes into account two RCA scaling operators. We illustrate it on an example.


School bomb threats: Minecraft gamer could be behind email hoax that caused evacuations across UK

The Independent - Tech

A disgruntled Minecraft gamer is believed to be behind a bomb hoax email sent to more than 400 schools and colleges. Some students were evacuated from school and college buildings across the country on Monday after an email threatening to detonate a bomb if they refused to hand over cash was sent out. The email appeared to come from gaming network VeltPvP – a server which allows users to compete in the game Minecraft – but the US company said that the account had been "spoofed". Carson Kallen, the US firm's 17-year-old CEO, told the BBC he suspected the hoax emails had been sent by a disgruntled Minecraft player in a bid to damage VeltPvP's reputation. He said: "Everyone who plays it is between the ages of eight and 18 years old - it's all kids playing. "Every now and then we have a little rebel who will try to do something bad like this.


Telegram app can be forced to reveal personal data to security services, Russian court rules

The Independent - Tech

Russia's top court has ruled the Telegram app, which offers encrypted messaging services, can be forced to provide user data to authorities. The Supreme Court threw out an appeal by Telegram protesting against demands from the Federal Security Service intelligence agency (FSB) for it to hand over data from its users. People behind the app, which has caused controversy for allegedly being favoured by extremists, argued the FSB violated consumer rights by demanding encryption keys and chat histories. Telegram has been given 15 days to comply by Russia's communications regulator, or it risks being blocked in the country. Ramil Akhmetgaliev, the lawyer for the messaging company, was quoted by Russian news agencies as saying Telegram considers it essential to "keep users' communications secret".


U.K. investigates Facebook over data breach as it plans raid of Cambridge Analytica

The Japan Times

LONDON – Britain is investigating whether Facebook did enough to protect data after a whistleblower said a London-based political consultancy hired by Donald Trump improperly accessed information on 50 million Facebook users to sway public opinion. Facebook shares closed down nearly 7 percent on Monday, wiping nearly $40 billion off its market value as investors worried that damage to the reputation of the world's largest social media network would deter users and advertisers. Elizabeth Denham, the head of Britain's Information Commission, is seeking a warrant to search the offices of consultancy Cambridge Analytica after a whistleblower revealed it had harvested the private information of millions of people to support Trump's 2016 U.S. presidential campaign. U.S. and European lawmakers have demanded an explanation of how the consulting firm gained access to the data in 2014 and why Facebook failed to inform its users, raising broader industry questions about consumer privacy. "We are looking at whether or not Facebook secured and safeguarded personal information on the platform and whether when they found out about the loss of the data they acted robustly and whether or not people were informed," Denham told BBC Radio.


Cambridge Analytica: What is the company now embroiled in Facebook data controversy?

The Independent - Tech

British data analytics firm Cambridge Analytica is at the centre of controversy in the US and UK after two newspapers reported the company harvested personal data about Facebook users beginning in 2014. Best known for assisting the 2016 presidential campaign of US President Donald Trump, Cambridge Analytica is now facing a government search of its London office, questions from US state authorities, and a demand by Facebook that it submit to a forensic audit. The UK's Information Commissioner has announced she is seeking a warrant to probe the company's servers – and also that she was forced to tell Facebook to "stand down" its own enquiries after its auditors and lawyers visited Cambridge Analytica's offices. "Such a search would potentially compromise a regulatory investigation," Elizabeth Denham said. Here is some of what is known about Cambridge Analytica.


'Utterly horrifying': ex-Facebook insider says covert data harvesting was routine

The Guardian

Hundreds of millions of Facebook users are likely to have had their private information harvested by companies that exploited the same terms as the firm that collected data and passed it on to Cambridge Analytica, according to a new whistleblower. Sandy Parakilas, the platform operations manager at Facebook responsible for policing data breaches by third-party software developers between 2011 and 2012, told the Guardian he warned senior executives at the company that its lax approach to data protection risked a major breach. "My concerns were that all of the data that left Facebook servers to developers could not be monitored by Facebook, so we had no idea what developers were doing with the data," he said. Parakilas said Facebook had terms of service and settings that "people didn't read or understand" and the company did not use its enforcement mechanisms, including audits of external developers, to ensure data was not being misused. Parakilas, whose job it was to investigate data breaches by developers similar to the one later suspected of Global Science Research, which harvested tens of millions of Facebook profiles and provided the data to Cambridge Analytica, said the slew of recent disclosures had left him disappointed with his superiors for not heeding his warnings.


Cambridge Analytica: UK data watchdog applies for warrant to search firm's servers as Facebook told to 'stand down' its own probe

The Independent - Tech

Britain's Information Commissioner will seek a warrant to search computers and servers used by the London-based political consulting firm Cambridge Analytica (CA), which is accused of using the personal data of tens-of-millions of Facebook members to influence 2016's US presidential election. Elizabeth Denham said the company had failed to cooperate after she issued a Demand for Access to records and data it held on 7 March. "Cambridge Analytica has not responded to the commissioner by the deadline provided. Therefore, the Information Commissioner is seeking a warrant to obtain information and access to systems and evidence related to her investigation," her office said in a statement. A whistleblower, Christopher Wylie, who worked with CA, claimed the company had amassed the data of some 50 million people through a personality quiz on Facebook called This is Your Digital Life, created by academic Aleksandr Kogan, of Global Science Research.


AI growth offers insurers opportunities The Royal Gazette:Bermuda Re-Insurance

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Artificial intelligence is not about robots taking over the world, but about leveraging the powerful technology to capture and analyse vast quantities of data, and making the best use of that information. That--s the belief of Noel Pearman, Bermuda professional lines underwriter and cyber product lead at XL Catlin, who has been speaking on the subject in the US. For the insurance sector, one likely manifestation of AI will see customers purchase increasingly tailored policies based on data directly relevant to the way they live their lives. Mr Pearman explained: --One of the things we are doing now is capturing data at a rate that we were never able to do before.-- The prevalence of --The Internet of Things-- devices that collect real-time data will allow insurance companies to mine information and offer better rates to customers whose behaviours represent a lower risk, such as those with better driving habits.


Artificial intelligence can diagnose prostate cancer as well as a pathologist Science

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The key to that is a sharper focus on patient outcomes – measuring what works, and doesn't work, in treating patients from one clinic, region and member-state to another. For that, we need more experts – in industry, policy and academia – who help this effort grow across the EU, from one capital to another. Stakeholder groups need mobilising, and interconnecting, across Europe. The old silos in healthcare across Europe need to be dismantled.


Britain sees world-beating growth in AI jobs Zenoot

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The UK's artificial intelligence sector is growing faster than rivals in America, Canada and Australia – putting Britain on course to be the global leader in AI technology. That's the finding of new data released by the world's largest job site, Indeed. AI technologies require highly skilled workers who can develop and maintain complex systems and applications. In the last three years, demand from UK employers for these types of workers has almost tripled, according to Indeed's data. Roles typically include data scientists and machine learning engineers, specialists who play a crucial part in teaching machines how to use and interpret data.